electrical current will be supplied to the appliance. There is a standard that specifies which type of electrical outlet will be used in home construction and which type of plug will be used to connect appliances to electricity sources. At this time, there is no accepted data transmission standard comparable to the one used for electricity. However, the organization HL-7 (health level 7—the application level in standards) is developing and promoting communication standards for use in exchanging infor- mation in health care. Universal use of these standards should facilitate the smooth sharing of information both within and outside health care organizations.36 The following sections touch on some of the ways nutrition managers and their staff are involved in information sharing and the use of technology to transmit data.


Food and Nutrition Management Software Systems and the Electronic Health Record


Nutrition managers may be expected to take the lead in managing food and nu- trition management software (FNMS) for a health care facility. A variety of FNMS systems are available to manage food production and management, clinical nutri- tion functions, or both. These systems are typically a small component of a facility’s software needs. Therefore, the nutrition manager must act as a champion for FNMS systems and articulate departmental needs and capabilities during the early phases of any major facility software purchase or upgrade. Following are some of the key issues that should be considered when evaluating FNMS systems:


› Who will be responsible for database maintenance?


› Can the FNMS system interface with the facility’s EHR? If so, what information will be shared between systems? If not, who will be responsible for ensuring in- formation is entered into each system? Who will be responsible for maintaining the interface between the two systems?


› Can the system manage patient allergies and preferences? › Can the software be customized to meet user needs?


Components of an Electronic Health Record


In addition to focusing on the interoperability of FNMS systems and EHR systems, nutrition managers should understand more generally how EHR systems can differ, both so they can use the facility’s system correctly and so they can effectively ex- plain the differences between systems to their staff. While all EHRs have the same capabilities, user experience will differ depending on the system and the purchasing contract between the system vendor and the organization. Newly hired staff might have experience in facilities using different systems with differing capabilities or their formal education about EHRs may have been limited in scope. The successful nutrition manager will help RDNs on staff understand that solutions that work in one care setting might not work in others due to differences in vendor contracts, system capabilities, and organizational behaviors. Several vendors offer EHR products. Most of these systems provide a graphic


user interface (GUI) with icons and buttons used to navigate through the system. This interface is sometimes referred to as the front end and will vary depending on facility needs and vendor design. All EHR systems also have a huge database


302 EFFECTIVE LEADERSHIP & MANAGEMENT IN NUTRITION & DIETETICS


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