their original position over periods of 862 days (Smith et al. 2001). Some individuals however moved distances up to 45km with little difference between female and male movements. Similarly, tagging experiments using hatchery reared lobsters released into the wild suggest strong site fidelity, with most recaptures being recorded within six kilometres of release sites (Bannister et al. 1994).
219. Berried females tend to appear from September to December in areas where lobsters are normally present with eggs carried externally on females until April/May. As they do not carry out extensive migrations, hatching normally takes place in the same grounds (in spring and early summer) (Pawson et al.1995).
220. Larval distribution and abundance is subject to local hydrographical conditions and is therefore very variable (Cefas, 2011). It is however, thought to be released close inshore in July to October being dependant on water temperature (Bennett et al. 2006).
221. Commercial landings for lobster in the vicinity of East Anglia THREE and the offshore cable corridor can be found in Table 11.6.
222. The main lobster nursery grounds are thought to occur on rocky grounds in coastal waters (Pawson 1995) and juveniles are thought to inhabit crevices and be capable of burrowing into soft sediment (Bennett et al. 2006).
223. As opportunistic scavengers, their diet consists of small crustaceans, molluscs and polychaetes (Cefas, 2011).
11.5.14.3 Whelk 224. The common whelk is commonly found off all British coasts on a range of hard and soft subtidal substrates and occasionally in intertidal fringes (Ager et al. 2008; Vause, 2009). There are no known specific whelk migrations for spawning although they show aggregating behaviour and the distribution of juvenile whelks tends to be limited to areas close to the adult stock (Lockwood, 2005). Breeding occurs by copulation in late autumn following which demersal egg-cases are laid in masses from November until April (Vause, 2009). Egg development is intracapsular whereby they do not have pelagic eggs but instead lay clumps of demersal egg-cases from which juveniles hatch as a fully formed whelk during February and March (Smith and Thatje, 2013; Hancock, 1967).
Preliminary Environmental Information May 2014
East Anglia THREE Offshore Windfarm
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