random, in local areas (Edwards, 1979; Bennett, 1995). The results of suture tagging experiments carried out off the Norfolk coast (Edwards, 1979) suggest a northerly long-distance movement of mature females.
214. The movement of female crabs is related to spawning activity (Cefas, 2011). After pairing and mating (July to September) and subsequent spawning (October to December), egg bearing (“berried”) females move to offshore over-wintering grounds and are largely inactive over the brooding period until their eggs hatch in the spring and summer. Adult females then return their migration inshore during spring and summer for pairing and mating to commence again. The hatched larvae remains in the plankton offshore prior to settlement on the sea bed, following which young crabs are then considered to migrate inshore (Proctor 2005). Studies carried out in the English Channel by Thompson et al. (1995) suggest that although berried female crabs may prefer to incubate their eggs whilst overwintering in hollows of sand and gravel, they are not necessarily confined to such areas, and eggs may be hatched over a wide variety of sediment types from fine sands to pebbles. Mating activity peaks in summer following female moulting, with spawning occurring late autumn or winter in offshore areas (Cefas, 2011).
215. Figure 11.51 indicates a moderate to high percentage probability of the presence of edible brown crab in the vicinity of the offshore cable corridor and a low percentage probability within East Anglia THREE.
216. The commercial landings of edible brown crab in the vicinity of East Anglia THREE and offshore cable corridor are shown in Table 11.6.
11.5.14.2 European Lobster
217. European lobster have a wide distribution along the UK and Europe coasts (Bennett et al. 2006). Lobsters occupy a range of habitats from rocky grounds and soft sediments and shelf areas from below MLW to depths of 150m (Buchholz et al. 2012, Bennet et al. 2006).
218. Unlike edible crabs, lobsters of both sexes are considered sedentary and have not been found to undertake extensive migrations. Localised random inshore/offshore movements and longshore migration may occur, driven by local competition for food or requirements to move to a different habitat throughout their different life-stages (Cefas, 2011, Pawson et al. 1995). Tagging experiments carried out in the south coast of England found that 95% of recaptured lobsters moved less than 3.8km from
Preliminary Environmental Information May 2014
East Anglia THREE Offshore Windfarm
Appendix 11.2 Page 77
Page 1 |
Page 2 |
Page 3 |
Page 4 |
Page 5 |
Page 6 |
Page 7 |
Page 8 |
Page 9 |
Page 10 |
Page 11 |
Page 12 |
Page 13 |
Page 14 |
Page 15 |
Page 16 |
Page 17 |
Page 18 |
Page 19 |
Page 20 |
Page 21 |
Page 22 |
Page 23 |
Page 24 |
Page 25 |
Page 26 |
Page 27 |
Page 28 |
Page 29 |
Page 30 |
Page 31 |
Page 32 |
Page 33 |
Page 34 |
Page 35 |
Page 36 |
Page 37 |
Page 38 |
Page 39 |
Page 40 |
Page 41 |
Page 42 |
Page 43 |
Page 44 |
Page 45 |
Page 46 |
Page 47 |
Page 48 |
Page 49 |
Page 50 |
Page 51 |
Page 52 |
Page 53 |
Page 54 |
Page 55 |
Page 56 |
Page 57 |
Page 58 |
Page 59 |
Page 60 |
Page 61 |
Page 62 |
Page 63 |
Page 64 |
Page 65 |
Page 66 |
Page 67 |
Page 68 |
Page 69 |
Page 70 |
Page 71 |
Page 72 |
Page 73 |
Page 74 |
Page 75 |
Page 76 |
Page 77 |
Page 78 |
Page 79 |
Page 80 |
Page 81 |
Page 82 |
Page 83 |
Page 84 |
Page 85 |
Page 86 |
Page 87 |
Page 88 |
Page 89 |
Page 90 |
Page 91 |
Page 92 |
Page 93 |
Page 94 |
Page 95 |
Page 96 |
Page 97 |
Page 98 |
Page 99 |
Page 100 |
Page 101 |
Page 102 |
Page 103 |
Page 104 |
Page 105 |
Page 106 |
Page 107 |
Page 108 |
Page 109 |
Page 110 |
Page 111 |
Page 112 |
Page 113 |
Page 114 |
Page 115 |
Page 116 |
Page 117 |
Page 118 |
Page 119 |
Page 120 |
Page 121 |
Page 122 |
Page 123 |
Page 124 |
Page 125 |
Page 126 |
Page 127 |
Page 128 |
Page 129 |
Page 130 |
Page 131 |
Page 132 |
Page 133 |
Page 134 |
Page 135 |
Page 136 |
Page 137 |
Page 138 |
Page 139 |
Page 140 |
Page 141 |
Page 142 |
Page 143 |
Page 144 |
Page 145 |
Page 146 |
Page 147 |
Page 148 |
Page 149 |
Page 150 |
Page 151