11.5.5 Spawning and Nursery Grounds 44.
The proposed East Anglia THREE site and offshore cable corridor are in the proximity of the spawning grounds of a number of species (Coull et al. 1998; Ellis et al. 2010, 2012). The spawning periods and their relative intensities are given in Table 11.7. The majority of the species with spawning grounds in the proximity of the proposed East Anglia THREE site and offshore cable corridor are pelagic spawners, releasing their eggs in the water column over wide areas. The exceptions are herring and sandeels which deposit eggs on the seabed.
Table 11.7 Spawning seasonality and intensity in East Anglia THREE and the offshore cable corridor for species with defined spawning periods (based on Coull et al. 1998 and Ellis et al. 2010
Species
Spawning seasonality and intensity in East Anglia THREE and the offshore cable corridor
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Sole
Plaice Cod
Whiting Lemon Sole
Herring Mackerel Sprat
Sandeel Thornback Ray Tope
Spurdog
● ●
● ●
● n/a
Gravid females present year round Gravid females present year round
n/a
(Spawning times and intensity colour key: red= high intensity spawning/nursery ground, yellow= low intensity spawning/ nursery grounds, grey= unknown spawning/ nursery grounds, ● = peak spawning, n/a = no overlap with spawning/nursery grounds)
45.
Coull et al. (1998), and latterly Ellis et al. (2010, 2012) have, to-date, been the main start point references for the consideration of windfarm consent conditions regarding fish spawning. Coull et al. (1998) and Ellis et al. (2010, 2012) are reviews of a variety of published research data and as such give broad scale definitions of spawning areas and periods. Furthermore, since the publication of Coull et al. there is evidence to suggest, that the spawning grounds of certain species may have changed. For example, since the mid-1970s, herring have not been found to have
Preliminary Environmental Information May 2014
East Anglia THREE Offshore Windfarm
Appendix 11.2 Page 29
n/a ●
● ●
● n/a n/a ● Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Nursery Grounds East
Anglia THREE
n/a n/a
Offshore Cable
Corridor n/a
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