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2008; Wheeler, 1978). Changes in the North Sea availability of copepod prey species (especially Calanus finmarchicus) has been linked to the survival of sandeel larvae (ICES Advice, 2013). Sandeels are noted for their vulnerablity to declining Calanus abundance, changes in sea surface temperature and changes to the plankton community for example, warm winters (Frederiksen et al. 2004).