11.5.12.4
Sea trout
181. Sea trout are the migratory form of the common and widely distributed brown trout. Their life cycle, similar to that of Atlantic salmon, includes juvenile stages in freshwater, migration to the sea (as smolts), maturation at sea and a return migration to freshwater for spawning (Pawson, 2013).
182. The East Anglian coast is thought to be a feeding area for sea trout post-smolts from rivers in the north east coast of England. Populations are also present in East Anglian rivers including; the Glaven, Wensum and Yare (Tingley et al. 2007).
183. Sea trout were once part of local fisheries off Norfolk with decline from the 1950’s (MMO, 2013), and there are projects currently underway to restore and improve access for migratory trout across a number of Anglian rivers encompassing the rivers Stiffkey, Glaven, Burn, Nar, Great Eau and Welland. (Everard, 2010). Despite sea trout records in each of these rivers, sea trout off East Anglian coast are thought to originate from the rivers in north-east England and south-east Scotland such as the Esk, Wear, Coquet, Tyne and Tweed (Pawson, 2014).
184. Sea trout spend at least one year in the southern North Sea to mature before returning to their natal rivers to spawn. Sea trout fisheries are being phased out given brown/sea trout are listed as a UK BAP Species (Table 11.10).
185. Sea trout have not been recorded in the vicinity of the East Anglia THREE site (windfarm analysis area) in IBTS data (2001 to 2010), but are recorded present in the MMO landings data in the inshore cable analysis area (33F1) (East Anglia Offshore Wind ZEA, 2011).
11.5.12.5 Smelt
186. Smelt are widespread throughout the North Atlantic and European waters but populations are localised in the UK waters being more common in estuaries. As with salmon and trout, smelt move from the sea into rivers to spawn. Adult smelt shoal in estuaries during the winter and enter rivers in early spring to spawn (February to April). After spawning the adults return to sea whilst the juveniles remain in the estuary for the remainder of the summer. Eggs are laid in estuaries on gravel, sand and on weed and the young remain in estuaries for several years.
Preliminary Environmental Information May 2014
East Anglia THREE Offshore Windfarm
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