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COMPOST


Oxygen in the composting process (2)


With the arrival of aerated floor systems for compost, professionals in the field have become increasingly conscious of the signi ficance of aeration – and therefore a good supply of oxygen – when producing compost for mushroom growing. In this respect, oxygen measurement is crucial.


By Jos Buth josbuth@gmail.com F


irst of all, I would like to say that a lack of oxygen in the phase I process particularly in bunkers can cause ammonia peaks at the start of the


phase II process. It is also vital to measure the oxygen concentra- tion during phase II. I still sometimes visit plants without oxygen sensors in tunnels, or with non-functioning sensors. The warming up process particularly requires extra monitoring because, as fresh air inlet is closed further to stimulate heating of the compost, there is a risk of a too low concentration of oxygen.. The minimum level usually applied during warming up is 12% oxygen. The optimal position of the oxygen sensor is above the compost, i.e. in the return air duct.


Oxygen is not usually an aspect that requires attention during the entire phase II process, as so much outside air is needed to control the activity levels in the compost that the oxygen present in the tunnel air is always high enough. The exception is during the warming up process. The same also applies in the phase III process. Here too, lack of oxygen can be problematic with


inactive compost, and particularly when the tunnel is emptied. This especially applies to the final tons of compost in the tunnel - they have been the longest without aeration before being removed.


Transport


Long distance transport can also pose problems if no additional measures are taken. Nowadays, more phase III compost is transported all over the world. This can be done trouble-free provided the compost is well cooled to 2 degrees Celsius and kept cool and aerated during transit. Problems with oxygen can occur in very well-sealed containers if the compost has not been cooled properly, and the growth of green mould may be encouraged. Some residues of phase III compost in bulk left in a trailer that has to fill the next day can cause problems because of a night spent in the trailer with a lack of oxygen. Do not underestimate the severity of this problem! It will not be immediately noticeable on farms that already have problems, but farms that generally have high production will notice that this compost under-performs.


Phase III compost is transported in containers all over the world these days.


 MUSHROOM BUSINESS 21


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