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The STRI’s Soil Chemist, David Lawson, charts the path of paths and how current legislation might affect sports facilities.
F
rom earliest times, man has created paths and pathways in the
landscape. In the collection of water, food and other materials, man wore away areas through the local vegetation around their home in order to access life’s necessities. Normally, such paths would take the shortest route between the two points but, at the same, time avoiding any physical obstacles. In most parts of the world such naturally formed paths have been in use for thousands of years.
It is amusing to contrast this with the modern urban landscape, where pedestrian tarmac paths are planned and set out within landscaped grass around shopping precincts and supermarkets. Nevertheless, pedestrians will often find a shortcut across the grass and literally ‘beat out a path’ for others to follow.
It is also the case that many of our modern roads started as paths or tracks in grass or through woodland between adjacent hamlets or villages. Use of some paths may change over time, for instance many of the old drove roads used for transporting livestock to market are not now so intensively used. However, they have left their imprint on the landscape and can be spotted from aerial or satellite photography. In some cases, they have been rediscovered
and are now used as leisure trails and bridleways.
It is still the case today that most paths and bridleways consist of a worn length of soil compacted by trampling feet. In some situations, loose stone may have been spread to provide a firmer surface. At a more highly engineered level, a base was excavated and flat stones placed as surfacing material, as found with old Roman roads. Today, the more modern path is formed with construction gravel on a prepared base, or tarmac may be employed on intensively used paths, particularly where cyclists use them.
Legal matters
Whatever the history or type of path, land ownership inevitably results in the Law being involved to clarify the rights (or otherwise) of access. In 1826, the Manchester Society for the Preservation of Ancient Footpaths successfully fought a legal battle against a landowner who had tried to close paths on his land at Flixton near Manchester. This led to the founding of similar groups throughout England as well as the Scottish Rights of Way and Recreation Society. The need for legal status for public paths led to the legislation of the National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act 1949 (England and Wales). A public right of way in England is a route that allows the public right of
IRRIGATION
END SUCTION CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS
MULTISTAGE CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS
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