Curfew hours can be set during which lower light pollution limits come into force
light needed to cause annoyance will depend upon the external ambient lighting conditions. Light pollution falls into three categories: sky glow, light trespass, and installation brightness / glare.
SKY GLOW
This is the well-known halo effect seen above our towns and cities. What we see is the light that is directed upwards being reflected off moisture or dirt particles in the air. Upward light makes air- borne pollution visible, which reduces the visibility of stars in the night sky. Needless to say, this represents a considerable waste of energy and obscures natural beauty.
LIGHT TRESPASS
This is light which enters our homes or falls vertically on surfaces both inside and out.
INSTALLATION BRIGHTNESS
This is the overall visual brightness when looking in the direction of the installation.
Environmental zones
Zone E1 Intrinsically dark areas - national parks and protected sites
Zone E2 Low brightness areas - industrial and residential rural areas
Zone E3 Medium brightness areas - industrial and residential suburban areas
Zone E4 High brightness areas - city centres, town centres and commercial developments.
The ambient lighting found in rural areas or national parks is lower than that experienced in city centres. Therefore the light pollution limits are more stringent for the former E1 zone than for the latter E4 zone, while maintaining the same overall lighting appearance. The consequence of using environmental zones, as part of a light pollution concept is
that local planning
departments must consider in which zone an affected property should be placed. There should be a consistent method for doing this, such as:
1. Choice based on preserving the existing environment.
2. Classify whole municipal areas by zones E1 to E4.
3. Define a future master plan for the use of light in the municipal area.
This creates an umbrella under which planning requests can be considered and monitored against clear performance criteria. It is this aspect that will produce one of the greatest challenges for local planning authorities, who are faced with
integrating this new thinking with existing regulations and dealing with the
contradictions it brings. Other considerations TIME RESTRICTIONS
Another aspect to be considered is that of time restrictions in order that local residents are not disturbed at all hours of the night. Curfew hours can be set, for example between 23:00 and 06:00, a common sleeping period, during which lower light pollution limits come into force.
DAYTIME APPEARANCE
The daytime appearance of the lighting system can be disturbing. This can be the case where large floodlights and arrangements are involved, or where the column heights are far greater than those of the surrounding houses, buildings or natural vegetation.
National Recommendations
At present there is no government legislation. This is due to the fact that, during
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