what it is yet?
Can you tell
Paint has been around almost as long as our species (and Rolf Harris) and from those earliest days, when our ancestors coated themselves with specially selected earth and powdered rock, so has paint design.
Of course things have moved on somewhat since then although the same basic elements and requirements still hold true today. Any paint we design must meet the performance requirements of the customer, be compatible with the preferred application equipment and must be economical to use. In much the same way, the basic components of the paint, pigment and binder, resemble those used by our prehistoric ancestors, and whereas the animal fat and spit of past times are now replaced by some form of resin, the pigments are still essentially powdered rock.
A modern paint will typically contain the following generic raw materials:-
Prime Pigments Very expensive - Organic:
Derived from petro chemicals
- Inorganic: Titanium dioxide, iron oxide
Extender pigment: Less Expensive eg. Talc, China clay, calcium carbonate, barium sulphate
Binder : Solvent:
eg. water-based emulsion resin, alkyd, polyester, acrylic, epoxy
eg. water, hydrocarbon, oxygenated hydrocarbon
In addition a group of materials described as additives which are used to: speed dry,
aid pigment dispersion, reduce foaming, introduce structure, prevent surface defects, and other desirable characteristics are also commonly included. For athletic field marking, the majority of paints are water-based and use either an acrylic or acrylic/vinylic polymer emulsion as binder. The prime pigment is usually titanium dioxide which provides colour and opacity to the paint. The prime pigment is typically very expensive and to make the paint more economical, extender pigments are used. Extender pigments have several functions in a paint formulation such as to provide bulk, augment mechanical and optical performance in addition to reducing the overall cost. The choice of additives is specific to each company and each formulation, as they are often used to balance performance in water-based technology.
Often overlooked is the importance of matching the paint to the equipment used in order to achieve optimum results. Companies who produce both paint and equipment invariably design the two elements to work in harmony. Athletic field marking paint is applied by a number of techniques including airless spray (high and low pressure), spray and wheel-to-wheel transfer. The type of the application technique and the surface to which it is applied defines the physical properties of the paint chosen.
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