The dashboard of a
pickup is not the place to carry or store vaccines.
Only a small percentage of trace minerals are ab-
sorbed by the animal, so this has to be considered when developing the oral mineral program. Antagonists such as sulfur, iron and molybdenum bind to copper which reduces its availability to the animal. Cattle in the central U.S. require copper in supple-
ments because soils in this region are defi cient. Bioavailability is another term used to describe
absorption of minerals by animal systems. Inorganic minerals are those that are mined from rock and are the least available for absorption. Minerals are combined with amino acids or proteins
to form organic forms (chelates). Organic or chelated minerals are more readily absorbed, but more expen- sive. An increase in performance must be realized to offset the higher purchase price. Effects of trace mineral defi ciencies can be very sub- tle and may not be noticed except in the profi t column.
Trace minerals infl uence body functions including: • Cellular development and function • Structural development and function • Hormone production • Reproductive system function • Enzyme production • Immune system function Trace minerals are important to vaccination suc-
cess because they are critical for proper function of immune systems. These systems are designed to seek and destroy for-
eign substances in the animal’s body. When a foreign entity is located, reactive oxygen species production results in the release of free radicals or electrons which destroy invasive pathogens. Enzymes initiate production of reactive oxygen spe-
cies when they are needed and different enzymes shut down the process after the pathogens are destroyed. If production is not halted, too many radicals cause the body to self-destruct. If production isn’t initiated on a timely basis, the animal dies. Neutralization of excess free radicals requires key
enzymes or antitoxidants to be fully functional. One of the enzymes is superoxide dismutase (SOD), which is formed from copper and manganese. The other is glutathione peroxidase and its produc-
The temperature inside a truck cab can be signifi cantly higher than outside temperatures. Save your vaccines from ruin by stor- ing them properly in temperature-controlled conditions.
88 The Cattleman August 2016
thecattlemanmagazine.com
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