Compilation of a Government Budget
A: Drafting of the main budget – this begins about six months before the budget speech; the preparation may begin some 12 months before
B: Printing of the main budget documents – this might begin about three months before budget day; the printing may continue right up to the end and even on Budget day itself – Parliamentarians then get the budget literally “hot off the press”.
A-B: approx. 3 months. B-C: approx. 3 months. C: The budget speech – usually 2nd Wednesday of February each year. D: Start of financial year – 1 April each year. E-F: Section 29 of the Public Finance Management Act makes provision for expenditure during this period after the reading of the budget and approval by Parliament. The Interim Appropriation Bill is used to fulfil this purpose.
F: Approval of the main budget – usually the 1st week in June, this may happen only in July – this means that there are approx. 3 months from E to F when the budget is approved. Only an act of Parliament allows for any expenditure which means that if it were not for the Interim Appropriation Bill, no department would be able to spend any money and services would come to a halt.
Figure 7.1 Annual processes of the main budget
The Supplementary Appropriation Bill – (amendment to main bill) Whereas any other bill tabled in Parliament, once approved, becomes an act, the Supplementary Bill never becomes an act. It is possible that money which is earmarked for a particular purpose, for example, the purchasing of 100 ambulances, but the details of which could not be provided in time for the Main Appropriation Bill (the main budget), appear in this bill. The reason it never becomes an act, is that it forms part of the Main Budget, or Main Appropriation Act, itself. This supplementary budget is approved by Parliament in the process of approving the Main Budget.
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