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In the fl uke- infected heifers, the estrogen- progesterone ratio was messed up, interfering with heat cycles.


One person, trained in human parasitology, mentioned a human fl uke that in other parts of the world can af- fect normal development of the gonads, especially if it infects young boys.” Hawkins also found a study in Spain where a the-


riogenologist had experimentally infected dairy heifers with liver fl ukes. “He had an uninfected control group and monitored


everything, including conception. He found that fl ukes impacted the estrogen-progesterone ratio in the heifers. Their estrogen was too high. You would tend to worry about estrogen being too low, but what happened was the progesterone was lower than normal and estrogen was higher than normal. In his study, the fl uke-infected heifers were 39 days late, on average, coming into their fi rst standing estrus, and their conception rate was also statistically lower.” The ratio of estrogen and progesterone is important


for conception, rather than the actual levels, except there has to be a certain level of progesterone or preg- nancy won’t be maintained after the animal conceives. “In the fl uke-infected heifers, the ratio was messed


up, interfering with heat cycles. This researcher felt that the low progesterone could cause the animals that did


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74 The Cattleman April 2014 thecattlemanmagazine.com


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