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at the cow-calf level until after the animal has been exposed to stress such as weaning and/or shipping. Once the animal has been stressed and possibly ex- posed to a virus, a severe outbreak of bronchopneu- monia may occur. The most common clinical syndromes observed in


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feedlot cattle are respiratory disease, infection of the heart and TEME. It may also be part of the classical “shipping fever complex,” often showing up as a cause of severe fi brinous pleuritis and pericarditis. Other forms of this disease may show up as joint infection and infl ammation, causing lameness, or central ner- vous signs of disease (TEME). Diagnosis is diffi cult because of the diffi culty of


culturing at the laboratory. A complete necropsy should be performed upon death as soon as possible. As an example, a calf dead of central nervous dis-


order H. somni may have secondary signs of bloat. It is easy for even the experienced veterinarian or pa- thologist to miss the diagnosis unless the brain, heart and lungs are examined microscopically. The best time for prevention is at the cow-calf level.


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Because it is a killed bacterial bacterin, it requires 2 vaccinations 2 to 3 weeks apart to have any chance of proper prevention. Some pathologists believe the vaccine in combination with either clostridials or vi- rals is not always effective. However, our experience shows it to be effective when used as a single-antigen vaccine in both the cow-calf and feedlot environment. H. somni is more of a cold weather disease and


is seen mostly in the fall when calves are coming into the feedlot. Even though many calves have the organism in their system, it doesn’t seem to show up clinically until the cold weather hits. It is susceptible to a wide variety of antibiotics, and


treatment decisions are made according to the veteri- narian’s experience with certain drugs. Tetracyclines may be used, as well as many of the newer, longer- acting antibiotics used to treat bovine pneumonia. Early recognition and treatment are very important to the success of response to this organism.


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steve@expressscale.comwww.expressscale.com 52 The Cattleman April 2014


Editor’s note: David T. Bechtol, D.V.M., of Palo Duro Consultation, Research and Feedlot, with the help and support of other colleagues, and Merck Animal Health provide a quick reference sheet on what to watch for and provide to your beef cattle herd during your 2014 calendar of events. Dr. Jim Furman, owner of The Ani- mal Center, Alliance, Neb., contributes to this month’s information.


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