ARTICLE | OPHTHALMOLOGY | Further reading
Anderson RL, Gordy DD. The tarsal strip procedure. Arch Ophtalmol 1979; 97(11): 2192–6
Besins T. The “R.A.R.E” technique (reverse and repositioning effect): the renaissance of the aging face and neck. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2004; 28(3): 127–42
Edgerton MT Jr. Causes and prevention of lower lid ectropion following
blepharoplasty.Plast Reconstr Surg 1972; 49(4): 3677–3
Furnas DW. Festoons, mounds, and bags of the eyelids and cheek. Clin Plast Surg 1993; 20(2): 367–85
Lambros V. Observations on periorbital and midface aging. Plast Reconstr Surg 2007; 120(5): 1367–76
Le Louarn C, Buthiau D, Buis J. The face recurve concept: medical and surgical applications. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2007; 31(3): 219–31
Mitz V, Peyronie M. The superficial musculo-aponeurotic system (SMAS) in the parotid and cheek area. Plast Recontr Surg 1976; 58(1): 80–8
injected deeply with no contact with the periosteum
or orbital rim, but always under the orbicularis muscle. It may be associated a volume increase in the malar region and cheekbones. When there is an indication for blepharoplasty, treatment with fat grafting seems the method of choice to inject more product, and provides a better quality by adding adipocytes. Periorbital fat grafting is the technique of choice in eyelid rejuvenation for its durability (3–5 years) and improvement of skin texture. The main limitation of the study was that nine patients
did not attend for the 3-month follow-up. However, the author has planned further studies to investigate these treatment methodologies.
Conclusions To successfully achieve the rejuvenation of the eye, it is necessary to be aware of all the possible techniques. While being reasonably conservative with surgical plans, the author feels that it is necessary to combine traditional blepharoplasty and filling with fat grafts. In the authorÕs opinion, botulinum toxin should not be used after surgery as it will have only a minimal effect. Adjuvant processes such as phototherapy or RF can
improve the quality of the result, and are useful while waiting for surgery if the patient is hesitant. In all cases, primum non nocere. It is necessary to have
a perfect knowledge of the anatomy and physiology of the orbitopalpebral area attempting any treatment.
Declaration of interest none Figures 1–5 ç S ylvie Poignonec
28 ❚ While being reasonably
conservative with surgical plans, the author feels that it is necessary to combine traditional blepharoplasty and filling with fat grafts.
Psillakis JM, Rumley TO, Camargos A. Subperiosteal approach as an improved concept for correction of the aging face. Plast Reconstr Surg 1988; 82(3): 383–94
ReesTD. Prevention of ectropion by horizontal shortening of the lower lid during blepharoplasty Ann Plast Surg 1983; 11(1): 17–23
Rohrich RJ, Pessa JE. The fat compartments of the face: anatomy and clinical implications for cosmetic surgery. Plast Reconstr Surg 2007; 119(7): 2219–27
Skoog T. Plastic Surgery: New Methods and Refinements. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1974
Flowers RS. Cosmetic surgery: state of the art. Adv Plast Reconstr Surg 1992; 8: 319
Shaw RB Jr, Kahn DM. Aging of the midface bony elements: a three-dimensional computed tomographic study. Plast Reconstr Surg 2007; 119(2): 675–81
Tenzel RR. Surgical treatment of complications of cosmetic blepharoplasty. Clin Plast Surg 1978; 5(4): 517–23
References
1. Botti G. Transpalpebral lift of the superior and median areas of the face. Face 1998; 5: 119–29
2. Hester TR Jr, Codner MA, McCord CD, Nahai F, Giannopoulos A. Evolution of technique of the direct transblepharoplasty approach for the correction of lower lid and midfacial aging: maximizing results and minimizing complications in a 5-year experience. Plast Reconstr Surg 2000; 105(1): 393–406
3. Hamra ST. Arcus marginalis release and orbital fat preservation in midface rejuvenation. Plast Reconstr Surg 1995; 96(2): 354–62
4. Hamra ST. A study of the long-term effect of malar fat repositioning in face lift surgery: short-term success but long-term failure. Plast Reconstr Surg 2002; 110(3): 940–51
5. Hamra ST. Composite
rhytidectomy.Finesse and refinements in technique. Clin Plast Surg 1997; 24(2): 337–46
6. Hamra ST. The role of orbital fat preservation in facial aesthetic surgery. A new concept. Clin Plast Surg 1996; 23(1): 17–28
7. Hamra ST. Repositioning the orbicularis oculi muscle in the composite rhytidectomy. Plast Reconstr Surg 1992; 90(1): 14–22
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