READING Grades 3–8 Word Wisdom
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VOCABULARY FOR LISTENING, SPEAKING, READING, AND WRITING
Help students take ownership of new vocabulary and increase comprehension as they
• unlock words in meaningful context.
• process words through skill-based activities.
• apply words in listening, speaking, reading, and writing.
• review words frequently to reinforce their use and meaning.
• demonstrate their progress through regular assessment and on high-stakes tests.
MEASUREMENT
1 Context Clues Antarctica
Land of Ice:
Find a globe, and point to your city or town. Then move your finger south until it reaches the bottom of the globe. Your finger is on Antarctica, Earth’s southern- most continent. Read this informational article to learn about Antarctica.
UNIT 5
used to locate places on our plan- et. The lines meet on the dome of each hemisphere at the North Pole and the South Pole. The land that surrounds the South Pole is Antarctica, the fifth largest conti- nent on Earth. Antarctica is a unique land of extremes. It is the coldest place on Earth. The winter temperature has been measured at a record-breaking -89° Celsius (-128° Fahrenheit). Summer temperatures rarely rise above freezing. It is the windiest place on Earth, too. Bitter winds blast coastal areas at 190 kilometers (118 miles) per hour. Antarctica is also one of the driest lands on Earth. Inland, it receives only about 5 centimeters (2 inches) of snowfall a year. Because of the frigid temperatures, very little of the snow melts. This results in massive layers of ice covering almost all of Antarctica. The
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maginary lines of longitude run north and south over the surface of the earth. They are
average thickness of the ice is more
than 2 kilometers (about 11⁄4 miles)! Few plants and animals live on
this icy land. In contrast, life is abundant in the surrounding ocean. Vast quantities of tiny microscopic plants and animals drift in the water. They are the basic food supply for fish, birds, seals, and whales. The people who know Antarctica
best are scientists. At research sites, scientists gather all sorts of information. They study wildlife, rocks, the ocean, sunlight, and the atmosphere. Some scientists study ice. They use drilling devices to lift out layers of ice. The layers hold clues about Earth’s climate over many thousands of years. Scientists look at past variations to predict future climate changes. Antarctica is hard to reach, a
solitary continent far from home. For curious scientists, however, Antarctica is one of the best places to learn about Earth.
Wisdom Word Context Clues Strategy Look for What the Word Is Used For
EXAMPLE: The best-known birds of Antarctica are penguins, whose adaptations allow them to survive the harsh winters.
CLUE: The phrase to survive the harsh winters tells what adaptations are used for.
Here are the steps for using this context clues strategy to figure out the meaning of the word longitude.
Read the sentence with the unknown word and some
of the sentences around it. •••••
Imaginary lines of longitude run north and south over the surface of the earth. They are used to locate places on our planet.
Look for context clues. Do any words describe What the Word Is Used For?
•••••
The words used to locate places on our planet explain what the word longitude is used for.
Think about the context clues and other information you may already know.
•••••
I know we use lines on maps to figure out where places are in social studies.
Predict a meaning for the word. •••••
Longitude might mean “location on the earth’s surface.”
Check the Word Wisdom Dictionary to be sure of the meaning.
•••••
The word longitude means “distance on the earth’s surface, measured east or west from the prime meridian.”
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