Trans RINA, Vol 153, Part C1, Intl J Marine Design, Jul - Dec 2011 The automotive builders do not only promote the


efficient use of resources during the production process but also include the efficient recycling of end-of-life vehicles in accordance with environmental requirements, thus leading the way in recycling-oriented product design. Such “design for recycling” is indeed one of the three interacting core elements underlying the BMW Group’s recycling strategy. The other two core elements are the designation of materials and the Recycling and Dismantling [3].


To enhance the level of economical recycling, one has to consider all stages in the lifecycle of a boat from the very beginning, from the initial design phase.


Recycling oriented boat design involves both the choice of materials and joining technologies as well as the development of individual components.


Where applicable we can choose to applying


the highest economic standard [4].


The BMW Group follows a clearly specified procedure in designing parts and components for recycling. To meet recycling standards to the best possible extent from the very beginning in the design phase, recycling specialists first determine the demands made of


the components


involved. Then, cooperating with construction engineers, they develop solutions within a team. This partnership of interdisciplinary development continues throughout the entire process of product creation that is from the first concept for a new model all standard.


the way to production


Benchmarks achieved in the process such as the time required for dismantling or the accessibility of components are revised time and again as work progresses [5].


Examples of recycling-optimised design:


The use of materials for thermal insulation of the under- floor built specifically for recycling requirements. Only a few years ago, the material used here was a composite formation of mineral wool and thin aluminium sheet not suitable for subsequent recycling. After replacing the mineral wool by a honeycomb aluminium structure, the entire insulation layer now consists of a pure aluminium compound100 per cent recyclable without the need to separate any materials.


Neither lifecycle analysis nor design for recycling would be possible without appropriate know-how experience, testing and development


and of dismantling


techniques so future boats can be recycled economically and in line


with environmental requirements. Boat


deconstruction specialists together with boat builders have to think ahead 30 years and more, working today on


For example, rather than gluing tubes on a RIB we recommend the Zodiac method of removable tubes, thus avoiding gluing. Engines and oil tanks are fitted to be easily removed, etc.


It is possible to use recycled material in boats for structural elements for example instead of Divinicell or marine plywood or using recycled cork for thermal insulation.


These efforts would have a greater impact if the industry would team up to create a coherent process, involving the builders, the boat


recycling centres and the marine designers/ naval architects as well as the supply chain.


4. THE POSITIVE IMPACT BOAT Making boats less bad, thus reducing their environmental footprint is still a far cry from making them positive.


Boats used to be built, and in some places they still are getting built, so that they can become nutrients at the end of their working life. They rot down and will feed the environment that will then grow new boats in the shape of a log boat. This is cradle to cradle design at its best.


The designers apply the principle of DfD into their design process. Wherever possible we elucidate clients on


the positive impact of this process and the responsibility in choosing the right materials.


materials, thus closing the cycle of material management and


possible ecological


use recycled and


processes for the boats of the future the future, with all their special components.


In the leisure boating industry we have limited research programmes and no common, shared R&D centres or laboratories to help prepare our industry for the upcoming changes in production. Other domains, for example the household appliance, residential buildings and, again, the automotive industries have (had to) adopt (-ed) the DfD principles into their production processes.


This required a committed investment into research. The boat industry is fragmented and relies in a majority of SMEs with only few major players capable of investing into the required research. Public funding for the better design of leisure craft and luxury yachts is furthermore and understandably not easy to obtain.


It is therefore important to take into account and value the efforts undertaken by universities, local governments supporting their local boat building industries, and passionate individuals who move the industry to respond to these issues.


3.3 DfD IN BOAT DESIGN


LADIDA design is a consultancy with one foot in the automotive and the other in the marine design world.


C-48


©2011: The Royal Institution of Naval Architects


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