Trans RINA, Vol 153, Part C1, Intl J Marine Design, Jul - Dec 2011 It is even better to have a positive impact 2.4 BASIC DFD STRATEGIES
Components designed for recycling must fulfil a number of fundamental requirements:
Favour assembly
techniques that
Eliminate adhesives: things glued together are hard to separate
Eliminate coatings and laminates for the same reason
Reduce the number of materials Reduce parts count Use of pure, recyclable plastics Reduction of the diversity of materials in the use of plastics
Use
of composite materials, which may subsequently be recycled together as one compound
Application of appropriate joining methods, such as plug-in connections instead of bolts, use reversible fasteners
Use of high-quality secondary materials, that is recycled materials
Because one goal of DfD is fewer parts, this might create a more efficient production process at the yard. Boats that are easier to disassemble will also be easier to repair and refit.
3. DESIGNING WHILE KEEPING THE BOATS END-OF LIFE IN MIND
3.1 TRANSFER OF TECHNOLOGY FROM THE AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY
For example automotive dashboards composed out of many different materials:
used to be
Various kinds of plastics were assembled by screws, PU Foams covered with foils, decorative strips, lacquered wood, vents, ABS, chromed switches, lights, etc.
After extensive redesign, new tooling procedures, component
reduction, in-mould coating, material
compatibility of the components, and the recyclability of the complex dashboards improved. Screws were replaced in favour of snap-fits out of the same material. They can be taken apart swiftly during disassembly, the need for subsequent separation and recycling is taken into account from the start in choosing the materials for the components involved as well as the appropriate assembly processes. The combination now used is a mixture of various plastics separated afterwards in a dry mechanical process.
Figure 4: Dashboard after DfD Figure 3: Car dashboard before DfD allow
deconstruction without damage or loss in order to facilitate the re-use of components.
In terms of the original weight, about 60 per cent of this recycled material is ground thermoplastic substrate recycled with a purity of 99.5 per cent. This ground material issued directly for the production of warm air ducts in the instrument panel in an almost complete, self- contained material cycle. The warm air ducts are thus made entirely of recycled materials, without any new materials being required.
The assembly process overall became more effective.
DfD principles are applied in Germany since the 90s. In 2015, the portion of each vehicle that should be recycled increases to 95 percent.
Long before lawmakers introduced legislation, the
automotive industry had developed specific processes and methods for the recycling and disposal of materials as part of a comprehensive recycling concept.
©2011: The Royal Institution of Naval Architects
C-47
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