CONTENTS
11)
Improve food security through ecosystem restoration.
Given the significance of food production and its relations to biodiversity and ecosystems loss, expanded recommen- dations are presented:
a.
Strengthen natural pest control: Restoration of field edges, crop diversity and wild crop relatives, forests and wetlands is a tool for improving natural weed, pest and disease control in agricultural production. This should be combined with biological control including establish- ment and facilitation of natural predator host plants and insects, enzymes, mites or natural pathogens.
b.
Improve and restore soil fertility: Research and Develop- ment funds into agriculture should become a primary investment source for financing restoration of lost and degraded soils, improve soil fertility and water catch- ment capacity, by investing in small-scale eco-agricul- tural, agro-forestry- and intercropping systems
c.
Support more diversified and resilient agricultural systems that provide critical ecosystem services (water supply and regulation, habitat for wild plants and animals, genetic di- versity, pollination, pest control, climate regulation), as well as adequate food to meet local and consumer needs. This includes managing extreme rainfall and using inter-crop- ping to minimize dependency on external inputs like artifi- cial fertilizers, pesticides and blue irrigation water. Support should also be provided for the development and imple- mentation of green technology for small-scale farmers.
d. e.
Improve irrigation systems and reduce evapo-transpira- tion in intercropping and green technology irrigation or rainfall capture systems.
Improve water supply and quality and wastewater man- agement in rural, peri-urban, and urban areas through restoration of field edges, riparian zones, forest cover in catchments, extent of green areas and wetland restoration.
5 6
11 17
21
24 37 43 51 59 69
73 78 82 90
PREFACE SUMMARY
INTRODUCTION – ECOSYSTEM SERVICES
GLOBAL LANDUSE CHANGE AND SCENARIOS OF BIODIVERSITY LOSS
ECOSYSTEM RESTORATION FOR BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION
A FOCUS ON FORESTS
ECOSYSTEM RESTORATION FOR WATER SUPPLY
ECOSYSTEM RESTORATION FOR HEALTH AND WASTE WATER MANAGEMENT
ECOSYSTEM RESTORATION FOR FOOD SECURITY
ECOSYSTEM RESTORATION FOR CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION
ECOSYSTEM RESTORATION FOR DISASTER PREVENTION AND MITIGATION
THE FINANCIAL BENEFITS OF ECOSYSTEM RESTORATION – GREEN ECONOMY
RESTORATION AND RECOVERY OF ERODED AND OVERGRAZED ARID GRASS AND SHRUBLANDS
ECOSYSTEM RESTORATION AND REHABILITATION – LESSONS LEARNT
RESTORATION OF A DEPLETED CRAYFISH FISHERY IN EUROPE – LESSONS LEARNT
95 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
98 99
100 102
GLOSSARY ACRONYMS CONTRIBUTORS REFERENCES
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