Wastewater, Health and Human well being

Investing in water supply and sanitation

Economic return for water and sanitation investments for two different scenarios

US Dollars return for each dollar invested

Central and Eastern Europe

Eastern Mediterranean Africa

Latin America and Caribbeans

Atlantic Ocean

Indian Ocean

Scenario A Scenario B

1 000

WHO scenarios for 2015

A

B

Water Source and sanitation for the Millennium Development Goals

Regulated piped water source and sewer connection

Diarrhoea cases averted per year reaching:

Thousands

Scenario A Scenario B

Figure 9: Wastewater, health and human well being.

and harmful algal blooms that will further degrade marine biomass and biological diversity (Sherman and Hempel 2008; UNEP, 2008).

At least 1.8 million children under five years die every year due to water related disease, or one every 20 seconds (WHO, 2007). Estimates of the global burden of water-associated hu-

44

man diseases provide a simple index hiding a complex real- ity. For an estimated 88 % of diarrhoea cases the underlying cause is unsafe water, inadequate sanitation and poor hygiene. Moreover, it is estimated that 50 % of malnutrition is asso- ciated with repeated diarrhoea or intestinal worm infections. Childhood malnutrition is at the root of 35 % of all global child mortality (WHO, 2007).

Mortality rate for WHO sanitary regions

430 130 1

Child

High

Low

Low High Very high

Adult

Source: Hutton, G., et al.,

Global cost-benefit analysis of water supply and sanitation

interventions, Journal of Water and Health, 2007.

South East Asia

Western Pacific

Pacific Ocean

45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Page 1  |  Page 2  |  Page 3  |  Page 4  |  Page 5  |  Page 6  |  Page 7  |  Page 8  |  Page 9  |  Page 10  |  Page 11  |  Page 12  |  Page 13  |  Page 14  |  Page 15  |  Page 16  |  Page 17  |  Page 18  |  Page 19  |  Page 20  |  Page 21  |  Page 22  |  Page 23  |  Page 24  |  Page 25  |  Page 26  |  Page 27  |  Page 28  |  Page 29  |  Page 30  |  Page 31  |  Page 32  |  Page 33  |  Page 34  |  Page 35  |  Page 36  |  Page 37  |  Page 38  |  Page 39  |  Page 40  |  Page 41  |  Page 42  |  Page 43  |  Page 44  |  Page 45  |  Page 46  |  Page 47  |  Page 48  |  Page 49  |  Page 50  |  Page 51  |  Page 52  |  Page 53  |  Page 54  |  Page 55  |  Page 56  |  Page 57  |  Page 58  |  Page 59  |  Page 60  |  Page 61  |  Page 62  |  Page 63  |  Page 64  |  Page 65  |  Page 66  |  Page 67  |  Page 68  |  Page 69  |  Page 70  |  Page 71  |  Page 72  |  Page 73  |  Page 74  |  Page 75  |  Page 76  |  Page 77  |  Page 78  |  Page 79  |  Page 80  |  Page 81  |  Page 82  |  Page 83  |  Page 84  |  Page 85  |  Page 86  |  Page 87  |  Page 88  |  Page 89  |  Page 90  |  Page 91  |  Page 92  |  Page 93  |  Page 94  |  Page 95  |  Page 96  |  Page 97  |  Page 98  |  Page 99  |  Page 100  |  Page 101  |  Page 102  |  Page 103  |  Page 104  |  Page 105  |  Page 106  |  Page 107  |  Page 108  |  Page 109  |  Page 110  |  Page 111  |  Page 112