archaeology and palaeoanthropology 9
A R C H A E O L O G Y A N D P A L A E O A N T H R O P O L O G Y
ing can be found at UCT, the University of Research has now become more hypoth-
Pretoria (UP), Wits, the University of South esis-oriented. Initially, ecology was the cen-
Africa (UNISA), and until 1999, Stellenbosch tral focus of the new research, but in recent
University (SU). The museums in Cape years, this has moved on to examining be-
Town, Pretoria, Kimberley, Bloemfontein, lief systems and asking social questions.
Grahamstown and Pietermaritzburg all
have active divisions of archaeology and as-
The ecological theme was taken up by
sociated collections of excavated artefacts.
Hilary Deacon first at the Albany Museum
Amateur interest in archaeology continues
in Grahamstown and, from 1972, at SU, as
to be encouraged by the South African Arc-
well as by John Parkington and his students
haeological Society in its branches in the
at UCT. Hilary and Janette Deacon focused
Western Cape, along with the Free State/
on the Eastern and Southern Cape, exam-
Northern Cape, Gauteng and KwaZulu-Na-
ining Late Pleistocene and Holocene sub-
tal. Membership of the society is currently
sistence patterns and adaptive changes
around 850, the vast majority of whom
in material culture over time. In the 1980s,
are interested amateurs. The South African
Hilary Deacon focused on the key site of
Archaeological Bulletin continues to be a
Klasies River
6
with its excellent record of
regular vehicle for archaeological publica-
environmental changes over the past 120
tions along with its occasional Goodwin Se-
000 years. Parkington examined spatial
ries special volumes. Since 1982, the Albany
variability in the western Cape, especially in
Museum in Grahamstown has published
the region of Elands Bay up the west coast
the journal Southern African Field Archaeol-
of South Africa. Their models were those of
ogy and the Natal Museum in Pietermaritz-
the Kalahari San and social structure was
burg continues to publish Southern African
matched to environmental ecology. Park-
Humanities in which archaeological papers
ington developed a model based on sea-
are prominent.
sonal mobility and proposed that Holocene
hunters wintered on the coast and spent
9.2 Major research themes in
the hot summers inland in the mountains.
archaeology
At about the same time, John Vogel of the
T
he long-term legacy of Goodwin and
CSIR in Pretoria began to examine stable
Van Riet Lowe has been the rich body
light isotope research in biology. Vogel’s
of knowledge generated by archae- laboratory was world-renowned in this re-
ologists since the 1970s. In the early years search and developed the technique into
much of the focus was on stone tool typol- a major research tool for life and environ-
ogy and understanding the sequence of mental science. In collaboration with Vogel,
archaeological cultures in southern Africa. Nick van der Merwe in Cape Town set up a
6 LLocations of all artions of all archaeological sitical sites menes mentioned in this chapttioned in this chapter arer are shoe shown in Fwn in Figure 9.1.e 9.1.
245
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