9 the state of science in south africa
A R C H A E O L O G Y A N D P A L A E O A N T H R O P O L O G Y
full professor, Nicholaas van der Merwe, a professionals in university and museum
South African trained at Yale University in contexts (Deacon, 1990). When Inskeep
the United States. joined UCT in 1960, his was the only aca-
demic position in the country and half of
Van Riet Lowe died in 1956, but when the
the articles published in the South African
Archaeological Survey was closed in 1962,
Archaeological Bulletin were written by am-
and Berry Malan relocated to the Cape as
ateurs with no professional training. Within
Director of the HMC, his legacy was carried
ten years there were archaeologists in all
on through the research of Revil Mason at
major museums and six universities offered
courses at an undergraduate level. By 1970,
Wits. Mason trained relatively few students
articles written by amateurs accounted for
at Wits, but he did extensive research es-
only 10% of the papers in the South African
pecially on the Iron Age peoples of the
Archaeological Bulletin. Separate research
Johannesburg area and the neighbouring
units were created for palynology in Bloem-
Magaliesberg. Budgetary restrictions also
fontein at the University of the Orange Free
prevented the growth of archaeology at
State (now University of the Free State),
Wits in the 1960s and the subject remained
for radiocarbon dating at the Council for
a division of anthropology. However, with
Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) in
increased availability of funding, the sub-
Pretoria, for archaeozoology at the Trans-
department of archaeology was split in the
vaal Museum also in Pretoria, and for rock
early 1970s into a teaching school and an
art at Wits in Johannesburg. A professional
Archaeological Research Unit under Revil
body, the South African Association of Ar-
Mason which he ran independently until it
chaeologists (now called the Association of
was closed down on his retirement in 1989.
Southern African Professional Archaeolo-
Tom Huffman, an Iron Age specialist who
gists (ASAPA)), was launched in 1970 and it
had been at the Queen Victoria Museum in
and its older relative, the Southern African
Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe), was appointed
Society for Quaternary Research, offered bi-
the first professor of an independent de-
ennial meetings in alternate years.
partment of archaeology in 1978. The new
teaching department broadened its activi-
Membership of ASAPA now requires a mini-
ties to rock art and Stone Age research and
mum of an Honours degree in archaeology
Lyn Wadley became its first PhD graduate in
and draws membership from Botswana,
1987.
Namibia and Zimbabwe and South Africa,
as well as members from farther afield
The expansion in the 1970s professional- who are working on research projects in
ised archaeology in South Africa. Janette the region. Current membership stands at
Deacon has outlined these developments over 240 professionals. Active teaching de-
and emphasises the shift from amateur to partments producing Doctoral level train-
244
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