FEATURE FORK LIFT TRUCKS Are you ready for Euro-Stage V?
most manufacturers to comply, and for less sophisticated diesel engines this will mean longer periods of downtime and more expense. As the vast majority of forklift makers do not build their own engines, the solution adopted by the industry has been, in general, to adapt ill-suited automotive engines and reduce the amount of NOx by lowering the combustion temperature using cooled exhaust gas to dilute the amount of oxygen in the combustion chamber. But, there is a big penalty. Soot is increased which requires the engine to have a diesel particulate filter fitted to prevent the soot being emitted. As those having purchased a new
Emission standards for diesel forklift trucks are about to get a lot stricter and, for the first time, LPG trucks are affected too. What are the implications for buyers planning their future strategic fleet purchases? By Paul Watson, UK commercial director at Doosan Industrial Vehicles UK Ltd
A
s of 1st January 2019 new diesel and LPG powered forklift trucks sold in
the European Union have to comply with the world’s toughest emission standards for non-road vehicles, Euro-Stage V. Although the UK is set to exit the EU shortly after its introduction, the standards will almost certainly be adopted here too. So what will this mean for those
planning their forklift truck fleets? Should buyers be reconsidering their fuel or power options? Possibly, but there are a number of important considerations to take into account. The headline news is that limits on
emissions of particulate matter are to be reduced by a further 40 per cent under the new regulations – taking the current Stage IV A limit of 0.025 g/kWh of soot down to 0.015g/kWh – and this will apply across all engine sizes. Carbon Monoxide emissions will be set at 5.0 g/kWh for all engines up to 128kW and emissions for NOx and HC will remain as currently specified. The good news is, the Euro-Stage V standards are much clearer and simpler than the existing tiered arrangement for emission limits which are presently
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staggered across a range of engine power outputs: Stage lll A - less than 37kW, Stage lll B - 37kW to 81kW and Stage IV A - larger than 81kw. However, for buyers of forklift trucks,
life is about to become more complex. Under Euro-Stage V standards all IC engine forklift trucks, both diesel and LPG powered vehicles, have to comply regardless of engine size – and that means even trucks below the old minimum threshold of 37kW. For LPG trucks to eliminate nitrous oxides a three-way catalytic converter will be necessary. The good thing is catalytic converters are relatively inexpensive, require minimal maintenance and do not have to go through the lengthy regeneration processes associated with diesel particulate filters (DPFs). The biggest impact of these new standards falls on the diesel engine models. Most diesel forklift trucks supplied to the market require DPFs to comply with the current standards. With the introduction of more stringent Euro- Stage V regulations significantly more advanced DPF cleaning systems and operating regimes will be required by
DECEMBER/JANUARY 2019 | MATERIALS HANDLING & LOGISTICS
There are plenty of applications where diesel or LPG trucks offer the best solution
forklift fitted with a diesel particulate filter will know, it has to be recharged at regular intervals. This is a lengthy process that for most users must be performed once or twice a week and requires the truck to be taken out of service and the engine to be revved at full engine RPM for about 20 minutes to half an hour, in order to burn the soot that has collected in the particulate filter. Large amounts of fuel are used in the process and the truck is not available for duty – increasing downtime and significantly impacting productivity. Then there are the costs associated with the burning of extra fuel and associated maintenance issues, not to mention the sheer inconvenience of the whole lengthy, repetitive process. Doosan only needs to introduce a very
small DPF to comply, as the in-house designed G2 engine is already exceptionally clean. And, importantly, tests underway on G2 engines at Doosan’s Infracore Engine Division indicate that effective cleaning of the filter takes place whilst the truck is in normal use – similar to your diesel car. Is the future electric? Electric trucks have
a lot to offer. In 2016 Doosan launched a range of 48v electric trucks up to two tonnes and in early 2017 an 80v range from 2.5 to 3.5 tonnes was launched. With the introduction of these much stricter Euro-Stage V standards it makes sense to fully understand the impact these regulations will have on your future forklift truck fleet. Understanding your options at this point may help in planning your fleet purchasing strategy going forward.
Doosan
www.doosanflt.com T: +44 (0) 1604 825 600
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