Hydro power caverns
Power plant
Spain (cont) Tranco de Beas
Sri Lanka Kotmale Kukule
Sweden Alfta
Balforsen Blasjön Dönje
Edensforsen Forsmo
Grundforsen Gulsele Harrsele
Harspranget Hjälta Hojum
Jarpströmm Kilforsen Klippen
Korsselbr Krangede
Krokströmm Kvistforsen Laforsen
Langströmm Lasele Ligga
Lossen
Messaure Mittan
Mockfjords Norrange Parteboda Porjus 1 Porjus 2 Ramsele Ritsem
Saellsjoe
Seitevaere Stalon
Storfinfors Storrnorfors Tasan
Torpshammar Trängslet Umluspen Vargforsen Vietas
Switzerland Amsteg 1 Amsteg 2 Bavona Biasca
Bieudron Calancasca Year
Host rock group Rock type
1947 1 Limestone
1988 1,9 Gneiss/Limestone 2001 9
Gneiss
1946 - 1958 6 1958 - 1953 - 1956 - 1957 - 1958 6 1955 - 1958 - 1951 6 1952 - 1942 - 1947 - 1953 6 1994 9 1961 - 1933 - 1952 - 1960 - 1953 - 1962 - 1956 6
1963 - n/s
9 9
-
Granite - - - -
Granite - -
Granite - - -
Granite Gneiss - - - - - -
1954 6,9 Gran Gneiss n/s
1911 - 1963 - 1960 - 1915 9 1961 9 1958 - 1977 8 1967 - 1967 6 1962 - 1956 - 1959 9 1953 - 1943 - 1961 - 1957 9 1961 - 1971 3
1964 9 1995 9,8 n/s
- 1963 -
1997 7,8 1952 9
- - -
Granite Gneiss Gneiss -
Gran Gneiss Gran Gneiss -
Schist -
Granite - -
Gneiss - - -
Gneiss -
Mylonite Gneiss
Gneiss, Schist - -
Schist Slate Gneiss
Total
Width (m)
Height (m)
14 26
20 38 16 29
10 21 16 31 12 28 12 25 14 26 16 33 15 31 14 25 16 32 18 31 13 32 18 33 11 24 18 33 12 22 12 26 14 37 13 22 18 30 13 35 15 28 19 30 19 35 16 36 19 29 16 36 10 11 15 28 12 34 12 20 12 20 14 32 17 28 14 29 13 16 16 24 12 30 18 29 11 28 14 24 14 29 16 28 18 26 12 16
22 20 29 31 28 22 30 22 25 40 11 17
Length (m)
40
67 52
20 77 26 38 48 92 60 51 78
Area (m2)
Volume (m3)
365 15000
717 48000 430 19000
199 2989 460 27000 320 6000 280 8000 340 12000 500 34500 500 30000 330 13000 480 38200
104 410 48500 60 66 56 97 34 30 -
55 77 39 46 95 77 -
390 18000 560 28000 240 11000 485 48000 249 6338 290 6700 490 -
260 11000 500 29000 430 13000 390 14000 524 50000 640 49000 549 -
124 510 48000 46 32 38 27 90
2382
134 200 27000 90 36 39 40 48 65
124 560 70000 18 36 58 74 80 -
549 19000 99
390 11000 390 8000 220 15000
420 29000 445 16000 380 11000 190 5700 350 13000 340 17000
295 4000 310 8500 380 17000 420 31000 430 26000 190 -
138 390 40000 92
170 5200
Pillar (m)
-
Cover (m)
-
Net H (m)
capacity (MW)
100 41
20.5 200 225 200 17.5 190 186 80
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - -
70 - - - - - -
20 - - - -
20 -
61 30 90 33 28 34 35 30 55
20
105 57 40 60
140 88 40
105 330 86 31 66 99
875 25 112 70 54 59 50 35 30 54 40
220 130 62 - - - - -
86
50 35 - - -
14.5 - - - - - - - - - -
- -
- -
217 88 24 21 31 56 55 79
200 180
200 120 285
180 50
130 32 40
124 170
240 12
40 30 72
160 150
160 320 194 106 160 225 200 100 49
70 200 75 375
220 269 35 - - - -
250 85 -
23.5 - -
- -
123 55 142 160 35 49
88 92
320 558 140
600 57500 ---160 110 425 50000 ---280 122 570 60000 100 800 60000 41
707 280 Unit
capacity (MW)
20
67 40
10 35 57 20 30 35 44 20 66
110 60 50 40 95 25 70 30 25 65 16 20 62 85 62
120 88 3
20 15 9
18 50
320 53
225 100 35
125 35 55 80 44 46
160
35 40
140 70
1800 1260 420 402 20
10
No of turbines
2
3 2
2 3 1 2 2 4 2 2 3 3 3 4 3 3 1 1 6 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 1 4 2 2 8 9 3 1 2 1 1 2 3 1 1 2 2 2 2
4 4 2 4 3 2
Specific excavation volumes (m3/MW)
366
240 -
149 257 105 200 200 246 341 325 191 147 100 140 92
168 254 96 -
220 223 406 350 403 288 -
200 216 199 275 267 208 169 193 50
104 25
130 243 187 114 155 106 352 283 -
286 359 179 214 -
260
Rock class
- - 1
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
2 - -
2 - - - - - -
- - - - - -
Cavern shape
-
B B
Turbine type
F,v
- -
B B -
B -
B B -
M - - - -
B -
M -
M - - - -
M -
B -
M - - - - - - -
-
C C C H
M
K,v F,v K,v K,v K,v K,v K,v F,v F,v F,v K,v F,v F,v K,v F,v F,v F,v K,v F,v K,v K,v K,v -
F,v - F
K,v F,v F,h -
F,v -
B ---- -
F,v F,v
F,v F,v F,v F,v F,v K,v F,v -
P,v P,v P,h P,h P,v P,h
- - - - - - - -
-
7300 - -
- -
- - - - - - -
4500 - -
1300 - -
16000 - 3000 -
- - - - - - - - -
- - - -
48 -
Lhead (m)
275
Ltail (m)
- 7200 - Spec vol - - 5700 1600 238
- ---- - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - -
30 - - -
30 - - - -
40 -
- - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - -
-
- - - - - - - - - - - -
3680 2680 - 10800 - -
7200 - -
13000 - 2000 - - - -
85 -
- - - - -
16000 - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
310 | Yearbook 2022 |
www.waterpowermagazine.com
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