o h e to the past participle of the main verb. (Past participles are usually formed by adding -ed to the verb. See Verb Forms for more about participles.)


av The Perfect Tenses Past Perfect


Past perfect tense shows that the verb’s action was completed sometime before a second past event. It consists of the word h


ad plus the past participle of the verb. Present Perfect We have studied for two weeks already.


Present perfect tense indicates that the verb’s action began in the past and continued up through the present time. Create this verb by adding the past participle of the verb to have or has.


Future Perfect


Future perfect tense indicates that by the time of a specified future event, the verb’s action will have been completed. Create this verb by adding the past participle of the verb to the words will have.


COMMON ERRORS WITH PERFECT TENSES: • Subject-verb agreement o Error:


Janet has worked at AT&T for twenty years. David has been late many times.


We will have studied for two weeks by the time we take the test.


Janet will have worked at AT&T for twenty years next Tuesday.


If David is late again tomorrow, he will have been late twenty times.


We had studied for two weeks before we took the test.


Janet had worked at AT&T for twenty years.


David had been late many times before his supervisor fired him.


The perfect tenses express more complex time relationships. Create this verb by adding a form of the verb t


We has studied for two weeks already.


o Correction: We have studied for two weeks already. o Error:


• Verb forms o Error:


o Correction: David has been late many times. o Error:


Janet have worked at AT&T for twenty years.


o Correction: Janet has worked at AT&T for twenty years. David been late many times.


We have study for two weeks already. o Correction: We have studied for two weeks already.


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