APA Style: Items in a Reference List
Below are all the different items to be included in a reference list. Authors - Use the author’s last name, and use only the initials for first and middle names. o One Author: Author’s Last Name, Initials.
o Two - Seven Authors: Include all names and place an ampersand (&) before the last author in the list: First Author’s Last Name, Initials, Next Author’s Last Name, Initials, & Final Author’s Last Name, Initials.
o Organization or Government: Begin the reference with the full Organization Name o
r Government Agency.
o Unknown Author: If no author is listed, begin with the title. If the author is listed as Anonymous, treat Anonymous as it was the author’s name.
Titles - Capitalize the first word, proper nouns, proper adjectives, and principal words (the first word or words after a colon) in titles, as well as subtitles.
- Do not capitalize a, an h, te or any prepositions or coordinating conjunctions, unless they are the first word. o
- Titles should nt have quotation marks. -
Italicize names of periodicals.
Other Contributors - There may be other contributors to an article, such as an editor or translator. After the title, write in parentheses the person’s (Initials Last Name, Ed. o
r Trans.).
Volume & Issue Numbers - For journals and magazines, write the volume and issue number. - A journal that is volume 33 and issue 4 would look like this: 33(4) - For newspapers, no volume or issue number is needed.
Page Numbers - For journals and magazine articles, write p. and the page numbers included. If article is not on consecutive pages, write all page numbers the article covers: p. 22, 34-39. - Use p. to abbreviate page before the page numbers.
Publication Place - Write the city and an abbreviation of the state. If outside the U.S., write the city and country. Include provinces for Canadian cities. If more than one city is shown, use the first.
-
Publisher - Use an abbreviated form of the publisher’s name but keep A in the name.
If using the URL, write: Retrieved from URL
- Do not include the state if the publisher is a university with the state in its name. soiaio
ok
DOI or URL - Use the DOI instead of the URL whenever available. Write: doi: -
Dates - Dates are written after the author inside parentheses. If there is not an author, dates are written after the title: (Year, Month Day).
- Use the most recent year if more than one date is shown. - For journals, only write the year. - For newspapers and magazine, write the year, month o -
If there is no date available, write: n.d. r month and day. sc t n, Bos, and Pesrs
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