The title should be centered on the page, typed in 12- point Times New Roman Font. It should not be bolded, underlined, or italicized.
The introduc- tion presents the problem that the paper addresses. See the OWL resources on introduc- tions: https://owl.en glish.purdue.e du/owl/resou rce/724/01/
VARYING DEFINITIONS OF ONLINE COMMUNICATION
Varying Definitions of Online Communication and Their Effects on Relationship Research
In-text citations that are direct quotes should include the author’s/ authors’ name/s, the publication year, and page number/s. If you are para- phrasing a source, APA encourages you to include page numbers: (Smith, 2009, p. 76).
Numerous studies have been conducted on various facets of Internet relationships, focusing on the levels of intimacy, closeness, different communication modalities, and the frequency of use of computer-mediated communication (CMC). However, contradictory results are suggested within this research because only certain aspects of CMC are investigated, for example, email only. Cummings, Butler, and Kraut (2002) suggest that face-to-face (FtF) interactions are more effective than CMC (read: email) in creating feelings of closeness or intimacy, while other studies suggest the opposite. To understand how both online (Internet) and offline (non-Internet) relationships are affected by CMC, all forms of CMC should be studied. This paper examines Cummings et al.’s research against other CMC research to propose that additional research be conducted to better understand how online communication affects relationships. Literature Review
In Cummings et al.’s (2002) summary article reviewing three empirical studies on online social relationships, it was found that CMC, especially email, was less effective than FtF contact in creating and maintaining close social relationships. Two of the three reviewed studies focusing on communication in non-Internet and Internet relationships mediated by FtF, phone, or email modalities found that the frequency of each modality’s use was significantly linked to the strength of the particular relationship (Cummings et al., 2002). The strength of the relationship was predicted best by FtF and phone
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The title of the paper is centered and not bolded.
If an article has three to five authors, write out all of the authors’ names the first time they appear. Then use the first author’s last name followed by “et al.”
APA requires you to include the publication year because APA users are concerned with the date of the article (the more current the better).
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