Integration Combinations
Summary, paraphrase, and direct quotations are often combined. You could paraphrase half of a sentence and quote the other half. You could summarize a paragraph and quote a vivid phrase from that paragraph.
Do
Do experiment with the variety of ways to integrate sources.
Do ask questions of your instructor or tutor if you’re not certain how to combine source integrations.
Do feel free to mimic some of the examples below.
Do use the other sections in this chapter to summarize, paraphrase, or quote properly.
Do not
Do not create two in-text citations if you use two integration techniques in one sentence.
Do not forget to put quotation marks around exact words and phrases from the original source, especially when mixing paraphrase and direct quotation.
Do not ignore the rules about summary, paraphrase, and quotations in the other sections.
Examples of Combinations
Combining Direct Quotation & Paraphrase: Original Text from Source:
West, in his own way, will likely pay also for his thin definition of freedom, as opposed to one that experiences history, traditions, and struggle not as a burden, but as an anchor in a chaotic world.
Combining Direct Quotation & Summary: Original Text from Source:
West’s thoughts are not original—the apocryphal Harriet Tubman quote and the notion that slavery was a “choice” echoes the ancient trope that slavery wasn’t that bad; the myth that blacks do not protest crime in their community is pure Giulianism; and West’s desire to “go to Charlottesville and talk to people on both sides” is an extension of Trump’s response to the catastrophe. These are not stray thoughts. They are the propaganda that justifies voter suppression, and feeds police brutality, and minimizes the murder of Heather Heyer.
Combo:
There will be some retribution for West’s actions and attitude toward his “definition of freedom” (Coates).
Combo:
Coates notices that the conservative propaganda the Kanye west spouts on Twitter is the same that “justifies voter suppression, and feeds police brutality, and minimizes the murder of Heather Heyer.”
Works Cited Entry:
Coates, Ta-Nehisi. “I’m Not Black, I’m Kanye.” T
h tani e Al tc. 7 May 2018.
www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archiv e/2018/05/im-not-black-im- kanye/559763/. Accessed 7 August 2018.
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