AURION IMMUNOGOLD REAGENTS EDITION VI PRODUCT INFORMATION


zzz Gold Tracers


Aurion Anionic Gold Tracers are used to visualize charged moieties in specimens. They bind to polycationic moieties (basic proteins e.g. histones). “Neutral” BSA coated gold tracers are useful for detecting open connections and tissue damage. Under proper conditions and with suitable microscopical techniques the tracers can also be used to follow cellular events in time.


Introduction


TECHNICAL TIPS... Application Instructions


In order to obtain a positive reaction when using these tracers the following should be kept in mind:


charge interactions are influenced by the presence of ions, di- and trivalent ions being of more influence than univalent ions. The influence is concentration dependent. Binding is stronger in low ionic-strength media.


charge interactions are influenced by pH. The charge of components in the specimen is dependent of their isoëlectric point, below the IEP the charge is positive, above the IEP negative. Significant binding of the anionic tracer will only occur at a pH at least one to two pH-units lower than the IEP.


Anionic tracers are negatively charged at pH >5


BSA tracers are intended for tracking fine capillaries or connecting spaces in intact tissues. Storage


Aurion gold tracers have a guaranteed shelf life of 18 months from the date of quality control analysis.


The products should be stored at 4-8°C. Freezing is not recommended. Additional Information


For additional information, please see the Aurion Immunogold Newsletters and Technical Tips on our website.


CUSTOM LABELING


The standard series of AURION ImmunoGold reagents is intended for the two and three step detection of antigens. Although these approaches cover the majority of applications occasionally there may exist a need for a direct label where the gold particles are coupled directly to the primary antibody or, more general, to a protein or peptide with specific binding properties.


To fulfill these needs AURION and EMS offers a custom labeling service for antibodies, antibody fragments, proteins, and peptides with gold particles of any requested size, including ULTRA SMALL gold clusters. AURION designs and manufactures such custom conjugates in close cooperation and in agreement with the principal investigator.


Starting material


As a rule AURION will only accept pure substances as starting material, either lyophilized or dissolved in a medium of known chemical composition. Interfering substances must not be present.


Quality control criteria


The custom prepared product is quality controlled by AURION according to our in-house standards with respect to size distribution and clustering. In


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agreement with the principal investigator the binding substance’s specific quality control criteria are determined. These are tailored for each individual assignment. As a matter of course the custom conjugate is approved only when both sets of quality control criteria have been met.


A Few Examples


• AURION successfully conjugated a number of polyclonal antibodies, mouse monoclonal antibodies, F(ab’)2 and F(ab) fragments, high and low density lipoproteins, as well as peptides such as an Angiotensin derivative (octapeptide), Interleukin II, Tumor Necrosis Factor and a number of peptide hormones.


• The efficiency of coupling (recovery of protein) for the above men- tioned custom conjugates has been greater than 70% on all occa- sions, while efficiencies up to 90% are no exception.


No cure, no pay


The custom labeling service is on the basis of “no cure, no pay,” with the exception that an intake fee applies to each actual laboratory attempt.


We invite you to contact us directly if you require information which is more tailored to your spe- cific applications.


NOTE 1:


AURION Gold Tracers are also available in bulk and at different optical density if required.


NOTE 2:


AURION Gold Tracers are shipped containing NaN3 as preservative. If they are intended for use in living organisms, the preservative has to be removed prior to use. This can be achieved either by dialysis or by buffer exchange using for instance a GE Healthcare Life Sciences PD-10 column.


The AURION Anionic Gold Tracers are designed to detect multiple positive charge moieties.


Product Description The AURION Gold Tracers are available in the full range of particle sizes: Ultra Small, 6, 10, 15 and 25 nm. AURION Gold Tracers are available in 5 and 10 ml volume packages and are supplied at an OD520nm of 2.0 for the conventional particle size range and at equivalent OD for the Ultra Small tracers.


The products are supplied in PBS, with 15 mM NaN3.


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