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Lube-Tech PUBLISHED BY LUBE: THE EUROPEAN LUBRICANTS INDUSTRY MAGAZINE


This article will be continued in Lube Magazine, issue 190, December 2025.


Work Cited [1] Mangas, I., et al. “Lubricating oils.” Edited by P. Wexler. Encyclopedia of Toxicology, 2014, pp. 670–676, https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12- 386454-3.00525-x


[2] Uanekee, Alfred. “The Performance, Wear, and Environmental Impact of Lubrication Systems Used in Marine Engines.” Theseus, 1 Jan. 2024, www. theseus.fi/handle/10024/820593


[3] “How Oil Harms Animals and Plants in Marine Environments.” Office of Response and Restoration, NOAA, 20 Mar. 2024, response. restoration.noaa.gov/oil-and-chemical-spills/ oil-spills/how-oil-harms-animals-and-plants- marine-environments.html


[4] “Understanding BPR - ECHA.” European Chemical Agency, 2012, echa.europa.eu/regulations/ biocidal-products-regulation/understanding-bpr


[5] “U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Vessel General Permit for Discharges Incidental to the Normal Operation of a Vessel (VGP).” Regulations.Gov, US EPA, 12 Apr. 2013, www.regulations.gov/document/ EPA-HQ-OW-2011-0141-0949.


[6]


“International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution From Ships (MARPOL).” International Maritime Organization, 19 May 2005, www.imo. org/en/about/conventions/pages/international- convention-for-the-prevention-of-pollution- from-ships-(marpol).aspx


[7] “IMO 2020 - Cleaner Shipping for Cleaner Air.” International Maritime Organization, 20 Dec. 2019, www.imo.org/en/MediaCentre/PressBriefings/ pages/34-IMO-2020-sulphur-limit-.aspx


[8] “Oil Types.” Office of Response and Restoration, NOAA, 18 Dec. 2024, response.restoration.noaa. gov/oil-and-chemical-spills/oil-spills/oil-types.html


[9] “Effects of Oil Pollution on the Marine Environment.” ITOPF, 2011, www.itopf.org/ fileadmin/uploads/itopf/data/Documents/TIPS_ TAPS_new/TIP_13_Effects_of_Oil_Pollution_on_ the_Marine_Environment.pdf


No.160 page 5


[10] “How Do Oil Spills Affect Sea Turtles?” Office of Response and Restoration, NOAA, 16 Jun. 2016, response.restoration.noaa.gov/about/media/ how-do-oil-spills-affect-sea-turtles.html


[11] Ruberg, Elizabeth J., et al. “Review of petroleum toxicity in marine reptiles.” Ecotoxicology, vol. 30, no. 4, 16 Mar. 2021, pp. 525–536, https://doi. org/10.1007/s10646-021-02359-9


[12] “NOAA Assisting UN Spill Response Team in Bangladesh.” NOAA Assisting UN Spill Response Team in Bangladesh, NOAA, 8 Nov. 2022, response.restoration.noaa.gov/about/media/ noaa-assisting-un-spill-response-team- bangladesh.html


[13] Gizer, Gorkem, et al. “Biofouling and mitigation methods: A review.” Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry, vol. 13, no. 2, 2 Apr. 2022, p. 185, https://doi.org/10.33263/briac132.185


[14] Bixler, Gregory D., and Bharat Bhushan. “Biofouling: Lessons from nature.” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, vol. 370, no. 1967, 28 May 2012, pp. 2381–2417, https://doi. org/10.1098/rsta.2011.0502


[15] Bloecher, Nina, and Oliver Floerl. “Towards cost‐ effective biofouling management in Salmon Aquaculture: A strategic outlook.” Reviews in Aquaculture, vol. 13, no. 2, 30 Aug. 2020, pp. 783–795, https://doi.org/10.1111/raq.12498


[16] Vinagre, Pedro Almeida, et al. “Marine biofouling: A European database for the Marine Renewable Energy Sector.” Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, vol. 8, no. 7, 5 July 2020, p. 495, https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse8070495


[17] Fenati, Renzo A., et al. “ anti-fouling properties of liquid‐infused riblets fabricated by direct contactless microfabrication.” Advanced Engineering Materials, vol. 23, no. 1, 13 Nov. 2020, https://doi. org/10.1002/adem.202000905


[18] Wong, Tak-Sing, et al. “Bioinspired self-repairing slippery surfaces with pressure-stable omniphobicity.” Nature, vol. 477, no. 7365, Sept. 2011, pp. 443–447, https://doi.org/10.1038/ nature10447


LUBE MAGAZINE NO.189 OCTOBER 2025


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