Continued from page 10
for large scale global demand. Additionally, it is significantly more expensive than mineral oils and its manufacturing process also contributes to greenhouse gas emissions (GHG).
There is a race in the industry to develop base oil technology that is sustainable, scalable and can deliver PAO level or better performance from sustainable feedstocks. However, these innovative base oils are still in the formative stage and capacity will likely be limited for the next decade or longer.
The first gasoline-electric hybrid auto was invented by Ferdinand Porsche at the Lohner-Werke in 1901.
Making ICEs cleaner There are over a billion ICE vehicles on the road now. In the near future there will be more. Reducing their carbon impact is critical to reducing greenhouse gas emissions (GHG). OEMs have been shifting their research and development budgets to zero-emission vehicles. Improvements in fuel, lubricant and catalytic converter technologies are critical in reducing the carbon impact of the huge fleet of ICE vehicles on the road.
In response to decarbonisation pressures, OEMs have designed engines requiring lubricants with low NOACK volatility and better CCS performance to improve fuel economy and reduce tailpipe emissions. The industry is rapidly shifting to 0W-XX lubricant quality for light duty, and in many cases 5W-XX for heavy duty, vehicles to help improve fuel economy. Polyalphaolefin (PAO) is the gold standard in high VI base oils, but its production volumes are too small
Feeding the high-performance lubricant appetite of billions of ICE vehicles is going to depend on lubricants formulated with Group II/II+/III/III+ base oils. These low viscosity lubricants can help improve the fuel economy and reduce carbon emissions of more than a billion vehicles on the road today. Based on Chevron estimates utilising GREET Model customer end use results in over 70% contribution to overall Life-cycle assessment (LCA)1
.
Engine oil approvals growing in complexity and cost The first European emission standards – Euro 1 – were launched in 1992. They were designed to eventually reduce tailpipe emissions to zero. That proved to be both visionary and difficult. As the need to reduce GHG has become more urgent, the incremental changes in emissions standards are becoming more ambitious. The Euro-7 regulation, due to take effect in 2025, is asking the industry to reduce fuel consumption by 20% from the Euro-6 standard. Over the last 18 years, the previous six engine evolutions
Model “The Greenhouse gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy use in Technologies Model” Argonne National Laboratory available at
https://greet.es.anl.gov/index.php
1 GREET® Continued on page 10 12 LUBE MAGAZINE NO.169 JUNE 2022
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