The VIE (for standard grade lubricants) and the VIF (for 0W-16 lubricants and lower viscosities) are the same test procedure with the only difference being the operating temperature; Seq. VIE runs at 115 C oil T, VIF at 100 C. Pass/fail criteria are determined by viscosity grade for each test.
Sequence VIII (legacy test)
The objective of this engine test is to evaluate the performance of a lubricant in preventing copper/lead/ tin bearing corrosion and measure viscosity shear stability under high-temperature operating conditions using unleaded gasoline. It simulates in field high temperature, corrosive service effects on lead/tin/copper bearings. It uses a 0.7 L carburetted single cylinder spark ignited engine test engine operated with an external lubricant heater circuit. Test duration is 40 hours with the engine running at 3150 rpm and lubricant temperature of 143C. Lubricant samples are taken and tested for viscosity at 10, 20, 30 and 40 hours.
Sequence IX (new)
The objective of this test is to check oil formulations for tendencies to promote low speed pre-ignition (LSPI) in turbocharged direct injection engines. It uses a 2.0L inline four Ford EcoTech engine with two overhead camshafts operating two intake and two outlet valves per cylinder. The engine runs for four hour segments, totaling 16 hours. Each 4 hour segment is 175,000 ignition cycles. At the end of the 16 hrs the number of LSPI events are counted for each of the four segments and an average number obtained.
Sequence X (new)
The objective of this test is to measure timing chain wear to validate anti wear capabilities of lubricants. It uses the same Ford EcoTech engine as the Sequence IX test. In this test, the engine runs for 8 hours using a new timing chain. The chain is then removed and measured to obtain the zero hour chain length. Following this the engine is run for a further 208 hours after which the chain is again removed and its length measured. The chain stretch is then reported as a percentage.
The development of GF-6 has taken seven years, many years longer than originally planned. It is also using mainly engines that are old technology and no longer sold in modern day vehicles. Some in the industry have already started to discuss the need for GF-7 and what that may look like. Certainly, testing has already been started to investigate wear in modern
44 LUBE MAGAZINE NO.153 OCTOBER 2019
architecture engines [CRC AVFL-28 report available on web site] in an attempt to make the next test design and developments quicker and easier. There has also been mention of expanding the number of bench tests beyond the ball rust test run in GF-5 and now GF-6.
Looking ahead, ILSAC standards will go through further improvement and evolution in order to help ensure that CAFÉ Phase II emission targets are met by the end of 2025.
Acknowledgements The authors sincerely wish to thank Dr. Peter Lee from Southwest Research Institute for his help in editing the manuscript. His input was invaluable in completing this article. The authors also thank Dr. Mihir Patel from Chevron from his initial review and Dr. Bill Anderson from Afton chemical for his final corrections and comments that helped improve the article.
Dr. Raj Shah is an elected fellow of RSC, AIC, STLE, NLGI, InstMC and EI. He is Chartered Petroleum Engineer from the Energy Institute, a certified Chemical Engineer from the National Certification Commission in Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and a Chartered scientist from the science council. Currently he is a Director at Koehler Instrument Company located in Long Island, NY where he has been for 25 years.
Mr. Christan Abraham was part of the thriving internship program at Koehler Instrument Company and has a chemical engineering degree from State University of New York. He currently works at the Corning Corporation.
References 1
2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
Modern Technology of Petroleum, Greases, Lubricants & Petro Chemicals. 2nd ed., Publication Division, National Institute of Industrial Research, 2008.
https://www.oilspecifications.org/ilsac.php
https://www.motor.com/newsletters/20131121/WebFiles/ID_
AdvancedLubes.html
https://www.machinerylubrication.com/Read/518/motor-oils
https://www.oronite.com/products/
lspi.asp
https://www.energy.gov/eere/vehicles/articles/fotw-1018-february-26- 2018-about-half-all-new-cars-and-light-trucks-have
https://www.epa.gov/greenvehicles/fast-facts-transportation-greenhouse- gas-emissions
“Sequence VIII Test.” Southwest Research Institute.
https://www.swri.org/ sites/default/files/sequence-viii-test.pdf
“Sequence VIF Test.” Southwest Research Institute.
https://www.swri.org/ sites/default/files/sequence-vif-test.pdf
LINK
www.koehlerinstrument.com
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