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SECTOR FOCUS: BASE STOCK TECHNOLOGIES


High viscosity base stock technologies – Technological fit for industrial applications


Edith Tuzyna, Dr. Frank Rittig, Dr. Jan Strittmatter, BASF


A wide variety of high viscosity base stock technologies are on the market fulfilling the specific performance requirements of industrial lubricant applications and this field continues to be an important innovation area for lubricant components.


Figure 1 summarises key factors impacting the use of high viscosity base stocks for industrial applications.


Figure 2: One equivalent of PIB can replace 2-4 equivalents of brightstock with a positive impact on viscosity index


PIBs are also an interesting option as co-thickeners in top tier formulations to reduce formulation costs. PIB properties and their performance in lubricant formulations are influenced by the manufacturing processes. PIBs generally contain residual double bonds and the position of the double bonds depends mainly on the catalyst system used for polymerisation (Table 1).


Figure 1: Major factors impacting the use of high viscosity base stocks for industrial applications


High-viscosity base oil technologies with good fit to these key market requirements are polyisobutenes, polyalkyleneglycols and esters.


Polyisobutenes Polyisobutenes (PIB) are available in a very broad range of molecular weights. Low molecular weight PIBs with kinematic viscosities at 100°C of 30 to 2000 cst are most suitable as lubricant base oil. These are fully synthetic base oils with a high degree of chemical purity.


PIBs are effective thickeners at moderate cost, rendering them promising candidates for replacement of brightstock.


16 LUBE MAGAZINE NO.153 OCTOBER 2019


Table 1: Differences of HR-PIB and cPIB, simplified scheme, taken and adjusted from H. Mach, P. Rath, Lubrication Science 11-2 (1999)


BF3 as catalyst leads to more terminal double bonds


and the resulting PIB is sometimes referred to as highly reactive PIB, while AlCl3


as catalyst results in


more internal double bond and the resulting PIB is often referred to as conventional PIB. The catalyst also influences the purity level of the PIB. Fluorine levels in HR-PIB can be controlled to very low ppm levels while the chlorine content of conventional PIB can reach levels of more than 100ppm.


It is important to mention that the term “highly reactive PIB” is used to describe the selective chemical Continued on page 18


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