2.0 m
2.0 m
1.8 m
1.8 m
THEATRE DESIGN
Development of universal model for appropriate OT size
Our major assumption was that the appropriate OT size should be arrived at by adding together the area occupied by surgical equipment and healthcare workers such as surgeons, nurses, and clinical technicians, and their ‘traffic’, and the movement area – depending on the type of operation being performed.
The area designated to a healthcare worker was set as a circle with a 2 m diameter, compatible with a human’s height according to a model of the ideal human body in ancient literature. (Fig. 1) The two- dimensional square may include the area physically occupied by the human body and that of the individual’s minimal movement. The remnant corners of the 2 m square outside the circle were designated as ‘for traffic space’.
The area designated ‘for the patient’ was also set as a similar circle, with a 2 m diameter. The circle area was considered to comprise the area devoted to the patient and the operating table, the area within which the patient is positioned, and the area within the surgical and other theatre staff work during the procedure (Fig. 2). We set the size of the operating table as 0.6 x 2.0 m, again using the model of the ideal human body.
2.0 m Type
Table 1. Main equipment and its size. Footprint (m2
) Type
Routinely used equipment Operating table
Overhead instrument table Mayo stand
Prep stand (L) Prep stand (S)
Generator for coagulator Surgical field suction Anaesthesia machine Anaesthesia supply cart Vital sign monitor Intravenous pole
EMR cart for nurses
Rubbish container (L) Rubbish container (M) Case cart
The shape of the ‘OT’
The equipment routinely used for operations, including the operating table, was incorporated into the model. Such equipment is considered to be ‘carried through’ the traffic space. Routine/ general surgery is
2.0 m
1.16 0.60 0.72 0.41 0.36 0.39 0.16 0.56 0.45 0.45 0.20 0.25
Chair for anaesthesia care provider 0.19 Footstool
0.15 0.28 0.14 0.43
Temporarily used equipment Heart lung machine
Cardioplegia
Percutaneous cardiopulmonary support (PCPS) system
Intra-aortic balloon pumping (IABP) system
Bed cooling machine
Patient warming machine Cell Saver
Trolley for endoscopy C-arm X-ray machine Surgical microscope
Surgical navigation system
Footprint (m2
)
0.96 0.21
0.30
0.20 0.12 0.12 0.30 0.42 2.06 1.13 0.63
Generator for vessel sealing device 0.09 Sonic scissors
0.24
generally performed by a surgeon, first/second assistants, an anaesthesiologist/ assistant, and an assistant/circulating nurse. (Fig. 3). The shape of the OT was assumed to be as square as possible, with shelves embedded in the wall. In the study, we
Area of healthcare worker’s traffic
Vitruvian man
Area of human’s body and movement
Area of human’s body and movement
Figure 1. A model of the ideal human body, and a two-dimensional square designated to its movement and traffic space. 2.0 m
2.0 m 0.6 m
Area of patient’s body and positioning
Area of healthcare workers’ traffic
Vitruvian man
Area of patient’s body and positioning
Area of patient’s positioning of extremities and healthcare workers’ practice
Figure 2. A two-dimensional square designated to the operating table/patient and the work of the surgical/theatre team. AUGUST 2019
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