16


At higher probe voltages, there is a second stability zone, termed ‘Zone H’, shown in the yellow shaded region, when operated in Zone H, the quadrupole mass spectrometer has much greater mass resolution. For a mass spectrometer to operate in Zone H, high power and ultra-stable RF control electronics are necessitated, recent improvements in RF control technology have allowed this innovation.


Due to the high-power demands of Zone H, the current mass limit of mass spectrometers of this type is 20 amu, ideal for nuclear fusion applications. The addition of a switchable RF supply between zone 1 and zone H, allows conventional operation to 200 amu.


Conclusions


This article describes the challenges researchers face when quantifying species and compounds used in nuclear fusion reactions. Recent improvements in ion source and quadrupole technology have given researchers the tools required to deal with mass interferences, and quantify common nuclear fusion species. Threshold ionisation mass spectrometry (TIMS) allows enhanced mass selectivity when analysing gas mixtures in which the dominant ions produced are at the same mass number. Many low mass species have very low fi rst ionisation potentials, typically less than 20 eV, allowing selective ionisation of these species in the presence of air gases and water vapour. In particular, the TIMS technique simplifi es the identifi cation of the onset ionisation energies for the components of a gas mixture which in turn improves the reliability of conclusions to be drawn from the measurements.


The development of 20 mm pole diameter, ultra-high resolution, quadrupole mass spectrometers, operating in the second stability zone, termed Zone-H, has further improved the analysis and quantifi cation of species less than 20 amu. For common nuclear fusion mass interferences such as 4


He and D2 , quantifi cation is possible to 1 ppm of each of the species, this is an improvement of a factor of 100 over the TIMS method. Advanced multi-zone high power RF control electronics.


With the imminent proliferation of nuclear fusion energy, researchers and engineers have a number of analysis techniques at their disposal, which allow the quantifi cation of the major components for nuclear fusion.


Read, Share and Comment on this Article, visit: www.labmate-online.com/article DART® -MS Analysis of Low Solubility, High Molecular Weight Compounds


A new application report describes how the ionRocket sample preparation device from BioChromato Inc, used in combination with Direct Analysis in Real Time Mass Spectrometry (DART® routine analysis of low solubility, high molecular weight compounds.


Phthalocyanine based pigments are widely used for organic semiconductors and organic electroluminescence displays due to their clearness, high light stability, and durability. However, the chemical structure of Phthalocyanine based pigments are diffi cult to analyse due to their high molecular weight and low solubility. The application report provides data illustrating how DART®


rapidly. The analysis was done under atmospheric conditions, and without pre-treatment.


The BioChromato ionRocket is a temperature-heating device for direct thermal desorption and pyrolysis of samples, prior to ionisation and analysis by mass spectrometry. Using ionRocket a temperature gradient from ambient up to 600ºC can be achieved in just a few minutes. This enables insoluble, high molecular weight materials to be pyrolysed and then introduced into the DART®


-MS gas stream.


To read an application report describing this work in full please visit: ilmt.co/PL/50DP More information online: ilmt.co/PL/J9qg


56979pr@reply-direct.com Innovative Accessory for ATR Spectroscopy


The Specac Quest™ ATR accessory is a versatile single-refl ection ATR accessory designed for laboratory spectroscopic sample analysis in the mid- and far-infrared. With innovative optical design and durable monolithic diamond ATR crystal option, it sets the benchmark in performance and value for ATR spectroscopy. Recently, the capabilities of the Quest have been expanded to include a heated puck and the innovative Arrow™ system of silicon consumable slides.


The Heated Puck is capable of analysing both liquid and solid samples at up to 110°C. The temperature of the accessory is controlled from the Specac Temperature Controller Software app which plots the current accessory temperature against experiment time, along with the target temperature the program is trying to reach.


The Arrow™ is a system for batch preparation and analysis of liquid samples, using a thin silicon wafer as the ATR element. Each Arrow is a slide containing a single silicon internal refl ection element that can be treated as a low-cost consumable for experiments requiring high volumes of samples or complex pre-treatments. By employing a single Arrow per sample, cross-contamination is avoided - especially useful in forensic and microbiology applications.


More information online: ilmt.co/PL/xML5 56535pr@reply-direct.com


-MS with ionRocket sample introduction enabled structural information to be determined concisely and -MS), enables


Quantitative Benchtop NMR Optimises Battery Electrolytes


NMR spectroscopy characterises the chemical structure of battery electrolyte solvents and additives. Importantly, quantitative broadband benchtop NMR additionally determines the precise concentrations of solvents, trace impurities, additives, and decomposition products. In a new application note, Oxford Instruments highlight the relevant quantitative NMR (qNMR) experiments and their importance for optimising next generation battery performance, raw materials checking and improving quality control.


For non-destructive investigations of the chemical nature of materials in the liquid state, NMR spectroscopy is an extremely versatile method employed extensively in research and development. NMR provides information about individual atoms within the compounds, including not only their chemical environment and molecular structure, but also on their quantity. This makes the technique an ideal tool for rapid reaction monitoring and quality control. In an NMR spectrum, the areas under peaks are directly proportional to the number of the atom(s) they are generated from. Quantitative NMR (qNMR) determines the ratios or absolute concentrations of species in a sample.


Visit the Oxford Instruments website to read the full application note. More information online: ilmt.co/PL/1DMW


56979pr@reply-direct.com


LAB ASIA - APRIL 2022


Page 1  |  Page 2  |  Page 3  |  Page 4  |  Page 5  |  Page 6  |  Page 7  |  Page 8  |  Page 9  |  Page 10  |  Page 11  |  Page 12  |  Page 13  |  Page 14  |  Page 15  |  Page 16  |  Page 17  |  Page 18  |  Page 19  |  Page 20  |  Page 21  |  Page 22  |  Page 23  |  Page 24  |  Page 25  |  Page 26  |  Page 27  |  Page 28  |  Page 29  |  Page 30  |  Page 31  |  Page 32  |  Page 33  |  Page 34  |  Page 35  |  Page 36  |  Page 37  |  Page 38  |  Page 39  |  Page 40  |  Page 41  |  Page 42  |  Page 43  |  Page 44  |  Page 45  |  Page 46  |  Page 47  |  Page 48  |  Page 49  |  Page 50  |  Page 51  |  Page 52