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C-IC Analytical Instrumentation setup: Xprep C-IC Table 1: Overview of typical injection parameters for EOF analysis:
Combustion Conditions Injection Volume Injection Loops
Injection Temperature Furnace Temperature Argon Flow Oxygen Flow Collision Flow Pyrolysis Tube
Absorption Solution Multi-purpose:
The prepared sample can directly be used for multiple analyses, for example, EOF and LC- MS/MS. So when the sample tests positive during the EOF analyses, the same sample can directly be transferred to an LC-MS/MS for analyses of the speciated PFAS components.
Introduction - For the introduction of the sample (prepared using SPE), the Liquids Autosampler is utilised. Equipped with a large volume syringe of 250 µl it is capable of continuously introducing the sample into the pre-heated injection module. This module is directly connected to the Combustion Furnace and under an inert carrier gas, the sample material will evaporate. After evaporation, the gasses are guided to the furnace for complete combustion.
Combustion - The Combustion Unit has a dual-zone furnace that completely oxidises every sample by pyrohydrolytic combustion in an oxygen-rich environment at a high temperature.
Standard AOX by MCD analysis focuses on chlorine, bromine, and iodine. However, the analysis of AOF or EOF by C-IC has a wider focus, including fl uorine.
250 3
500
1000 100 300 100
Ceramic Ultra Pure Water µl
°C °C
mL/min mL/min mL/min
Collection – Following combustion, an absorber solution is automatically introduced into the output gas stream to ensure the thorough absorption of analytes in the Fraction Collection Unit. During this procedure, the conversion of H-X and X2 to F-, Cl-, and Br- takes place. These negatively charged ions undergo separation within the IC column.
IC-Injection – After completing the sample preparation, the absorbent containing the analytes is transferred from the Fraction Collection unit to an Ion Chromatograph automatically. The front of the Fraction Collection Unit features an integrated six-way valve and a 500 µL sample loop as the default setup. The internal syringe pump is responsible for loading and rinsing the Ion Chromatograph sample loop.
Discussion
The combustion ion chromatography (C-IC) market in the PFAS sector is a growing market with an expected growth of 8.5% year over year, fuelled by the rising need for precise and sensitive methods to measure PFAS. C-IC, a relatively recent technique for screening PFAS, offers advantages over other methods in terms of cost and analysis time. Utilising sample pre-treatment methods like SPE achieves high sensitivity and can detect PFAS at low concentrations (PPT levels). Moreover, C-IC is notably swift, enabling quicker sample analysis compared to alternative methods, which is advantageous for high-volume laboratories. The surge in C-IC’s market stems from stringent regulations demanding PFAS measurements due to their harmful effects. C-IC remains the sole technique capable of meeting these exacting criteria, thus driving its future demand. Growth factors encompass accurate PFAS measurement demand, regulatory mandates, technological C-IC advancements, and increased awareness of PFAS dangers.
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www.labmate-online.com Combination detector unveils key macromolecular properties in GPC
Testa Analytical highlights the impactful role of its COMBO-TWO MALS/DRI combination detector in Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC), aiding biopharmaceutical and advanced materials researchers in unravelling critical macromolecular physical properties such as molecular weight, structure, and conformation.
The stability of the baseline signal in any GPC detector is a critical factor in peak determination. The COMBO-TWO, which integrates a high- performance 7-angle Multi-Angle Light Scattering (MALS) with an ultra-stable Differential Refractive Index (DRI) detector operating at the same wavelength and minimal delay volume, excels in delivering exceptional results.
Fully compatible with all commercial GPC systems, the COMBO-TWO ensures high thermal stability, functioning seamlessly from room temperature up to 80°C. Obtaining precise MALS and DRI data is straightforward – simply inject the sample into the low-volume fl ow cell.
Carlo Dessy, Technical Director of Testa Analytical, emphasised: “The outstanding stability of our COMBO-TWO detector package is particularly essential for high-resolution GPC applications, which can have separation times of up to one hour.” He further noted: “Our customers also appreciate the broad media compatibility of the detectors, and their built-in automatic cell-safety shut-off capability that eliminates the possibility of a GPC fl ow cell bursting if it becomes blocked.”
More information online:
ilmt.co/PL/wz6R 62240pr@reply-direct.com
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