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Environmental Laboratory
Range of Analysers Offers the Best of Experience, Performance, Reliability and Support
AFM System Demonstrates Multiple uses in the Smart Interfaces in Environmental Nanotechnology Group Dr Rosa M Espinosa-
Coupling Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy (AFS) with either cold vapour generation or hydride generation has been UK-based P S Analytical’s (PSA) core competency for over 30 years now. For the determination of mercury, arsenic, selenium, antimony and bismuth, PSA offers some of the best instrumentation available.
PSA analysers provide excellent detection performance including ultra-trace limits of detection, a linear response over several orders, and minimised interferences from other matrix components. PSA’s unique flow cell design, removing troublesome glass or quartz material, results in reduced carryover for faster throughput and less re-runs. Ease of use, reliability and robustness as well as very affordable running costs are hallmarks or the PSA brand.
PSA works with many industries, organisations and markets to deliver industry leading equipment and solutions. In recent years PSA has expanded the analytical offerings with developing on-line systems particularly for environmental and petrochemical applications.
Some of the latest developments from P S Analytical include;
The 10.820 Modular Interface (MI) which extends the range of applications to any Millennium Merlin or Excalibur instrument. The MI is configurable and may include; LC pump, injection valve, UV cracker, heater and cooling modules. With a simple interface, and compatible flow rates, the accessory facilitates speciation studies (Hg, As, Se, Bi, Sb etc.), online digestion (heat and UV), as well as a variety of post column reactions.
Online atomic fluorescence spectrometers, with integrated sample digestion and vapour generator for the determination of arsenic, selenium, antimony, tellurium or bismuth at trace and ultra-trace levels. These systems are capable of operation with both continuous flow and discrete sample injection options. Suitable for online operation 24 hours per day, matching throughput with sensitivity requirements.
For many years, P S Analytical have pioneered the determination of mercury in hydrocarbon streams, with a sampling system and analyser range capable of determining mercury in gaseous or liquid samples. The PSA 20.610 Auto-injection Unit has been developed as an accessory to enable the offline analysis of light hydrocarbon streams that are liquids under process conditions but gas-liquid mixtures (or gases) at ambient temperatures and pressures.
The PSA 20.630 Liquefied Gas Sampling System has been developed as an accessory to enable the laboratory analysis of mercury in LPG and other liquefied petroleum gas samples. Typically, sample is delivered to the instrument as a liquid in a pressurised sample vessel or bomb, which is connected to the inlet of the system via a short stainless steel braided Teflon hose.
With literally thousands of systems in the field today, and support networks in Europe, USA and SE Asia, PSA offers the ideal package of performance, reliability and support. For further information visit the PS Analytical website or visit them at Pittcon – Booth 1832.
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Marzal is an Associate Professor in the Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering at the University of Illinois at Urbana- Champaign. The central theme of her research group, Smart Interfaces in Environmental Nanotechnology
(SIEN), is to design, synthesise, characterise and develop a fundamental understanding of bioinspired materials and of (bio) interfaces, also under nanoconfinement. AFM, is a vital tool for these studies.
Speaking about her group and their experiences since the starting of their use of the JPK (Germany) NanoWizard AFM system, Dr Espinosa-Marzal said: “My team of researchers is looking at a broad range of materials which require imaging in fluids to a high level resolution. The ability to measure low noise, high resolution force curves is of particular value as is the capability of working in liquid environments without the fear of damaging the piezo or sample.”
In one project which is setting out to understand the structure of water at the interface with 2D materials such as graphene, the biggest challenge is to make high resolution, force spectroscopy measurements. Operating in liquid the NanoWizard has produced high resolution phase images in AC mode that reveal the contamination on the graphene surface. Ultimately, the group hopes to study the layering of water molecules and ions on the graphene surface, which can be used as a possible interface for water purification.
Imaging soft structures in aqueous environments is the challenge of the researchers developing model cell membranes. These require a low noise system to both image and perform nanomechanical characterisation with QI mode of individual layers and the complete stratified structure.
In a biofilm study, one researcher is looking to understand the precipitation of calcite in biofilms found in drinking water distribution systems. Here, colloidal AFM probes are applied to make surface force measurements on heterogeneous soft composites. These are used to determine mechanical forces of the films including adhesion and detachment forces. The combination of AFM with an inverted microscope has been invaluable here using JPK’s patented Direct Overlay feature to identify appropriate areas to image and ultimately to generate force maps which allow the understanding of the spatial variability of the mechanical properties for mineralised and non-mineralised samples.
Other projects include the study of biomineralisation and how ionic liquids respond to nanoscale confinement and to surface heterogeneities.
Ultrasonic Flowmeter
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for Laboratory Testing Designed to handle low flows from laminar to turbulent, and largely immune from viscosity, the Atrato ultrasonic flowmeter from Titan Enterprises (UK) is a perfect tool for laboratory testing applications.
The Atrato ultrasonic flowmeter is a true inline non-invasive flowmeter without the contorted flow path and disadvantages of alternative designs. Available in 60°C and 110°C temperature versions and a 30 bar higher pressure model - Atrato flowmeters
use ‘time-of-flight’ ultrasonic technology that enable them to operate over wide flow ranges with accuracy better than ±1.0% of reading.
Rugged, clean bore PEEK construction makes the Atrato ideal for a wide range of low flow laboratory applications and very easy to clean between experiments.
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IET January / February 2016
www.envirotech-online.com
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Atrato flowmeter software enables data recording via an external computer. With features that provide monitoring, reporting and management of flow data - the Atrato flow software delivers a continuous picture of your experiment and a reliable alternative to restrictive and costly manual metering. Users can select from a wide variety of functions and time periods over which to store their results. Flow data sets are saved as .csv files which can then be imported directly to a wide range of programmes for later manipulation and analysis.
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