Analytical Instrumentation - Spotlight on the Gulf Coast Conference Simultaneous analysis of Total Sulfur and Total Nitrogen in one single run!
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Sulfur and Nitrogen containing fuels have a negative effect on the environment when used in fuel combustion processes. The forming of Sulfur dioxide and Nitrogen oxides are the main components for acid rain, which causes deforestation, acidifi ed waterways and corrosion in buildings.
Therefore the need for continuous monitoring of Total Sulfur and Total Nitrogen concentrations in refi ning processes is becoming more and more important due to stricter regional regulatory limits. The impact of these stricter limits demand for more sensitive and stable measurement systems for day to day operation in the laboratories, terminals or research and development centers. Sulfur components are known to have unwanted effects on steel parts, like pipelines, wells and heat exchangers. Both Sulfur and Nitrogen will cause ineffi ciency on catalysts due to poisoning effects on the noble metals within.
PAC’s answer for the monitoring of Total Sulfur and Total Nitrogen is the ElemeNtS. The newest Total Elemental Combustion Analyzer from the known market leader combines the analyses of Total Sulfur and Total Nitrogen in one single instrument with the highest sensitivity and fl exibility. The completely redesigned analyzer combines the latest technologies with known measuring principles for top class performances.
Measuring Principle
A variety of refi nery process streams from gas to liquid can easily be introduced by syringe or LPG/GAS sampling device directly into quartz pyro tube, which is maintained at high temperature by the dual furnace. Under a stream of inert carrier gasses, the samples are evaporated and guided to the combustion zone of the furnace. During the combustion of the sample, Sulfur and Nitrogen containing compounds are converted into respectively Sulfur dioxide and Nitrogen oxide along with water vapor and Carbon dioxide. Prior to entering the detectors, the combustion gas stream will fl ow through the inline particle fi lter to remove any incombustible parts and passes through the Nafi on permeation device to fully remove the water vapors.
The reaction chamber of the Sulfur detector is constantly illuminated by a very specifi c UV-C light which will excite all the incoming Sulfur dioxide from the gas stream. The excited Sulfur dioxide will emit a specifi c light during return to ground state which is detected by the Photo multiplier tube. The Nitrogen oxide, which is known to co-react with this step, will not be seen by the Photo-multiplier tube due to the fi ltering techniques within the detector.
The robust design of the Nitrogen detector is held under constant vacuum by the built-in vacuum pump at ambient temperature. All incoming Nitrogen oxides are reacting with the supplied ozone from the ozone generator. During the chemiluminescence reaction the emitted light is captured by the integrated photo multiplier lamp. Due to the integrated electronics and optimized signal handling, trace sensitivity outperforms the previous generation.
PAC’s ElemeNtS Analyzer Sample Injection
Liquid Sample injections can be done either by semi-automatic injection using the “INJECT” sampler or with the “749” Automated Liquid Sampler with up to 324 positions for 2 ml vials and a wide range of sample specifi c accessories like cooling, heating or mixing. All injection parameters are fully controlled by the software and easily adjustable. For Gaseous or LPG samples the “Accura” can inject samples up to 30 Bar and is also under full control by the analyzer’s software.
Analyzer Access
The system is equipped with a full-color 10.1” LED resistive touchscreen for direct sample analysis, results reviewing or service activities. All activities are in real-time synchronization of the PC control software which can be installed anywhere on the network. Fully automated built-in vacuum and pressure checks will allow users to easily identify and solve system leaks, which will reduce downtime. Behind the front maintenance door, direct access is given to all consumables like: Dryer, Particle fi lter and Scrubbers. The line pressure of the Oxygen and Carrier supply gasses can easily be monitored from the front door.
Example of In-depth calibration details with automatically calculated limit of detection according to ISO 11843 Performance For trace analysis the ElemeNtS is the best in class analyzer with detection limits as low as 20 ppb Sulfur in Hydrocarbon matrices calculated according to ISO 11843.
Today’s demand for stable and consistent Sulfur measurements over a longer period of time is higher than ever before. America’s EPA’s TIER III Performance Based Measurement Systems requires a quality control system for the validation of the results. With new hardware and fi rmware developments implemented into the ElemeNtS, Sulfur stability can be guaranteed.
For more information, visit our Website:
www.paclp.com
Author: Robbert van Wessel
Title: Product Manager Elemental Analysis, PAC
Email:
robbert.vanwessel@
paclp.com
AUGUST / SEPTEMBER •
WWW.PETRO-ONLINE.COM
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