Rigaku Product Focus - Analytical Instrumentation 17
Part of the refining process is dedicated to removing these metals from the process streams in order to minimize unwanted side effects.
Process control limits exist to maximize refinery process yields and to contain costs by maximizing expensive catalysts’ lifetimes. Many units have a catalyst regeneration cycle, and process engineers need to quantify the effectiveness of the regeneration cycle. Part of the process optimization requires vigilant analysis of metals in all parts of the refinery streams to meet these process goals.
WDXRF (wavelength dispersive XRF) is uniquely suited for these multiple analytical needs, since the steps to prepare samples for analysis are straightforward and relatively quick. The methods can be extremely sensitive, with limits of detection for most metals being on the order of 0.2 - 1.0 ppm, thus allowing quantification of all metals down to 1 - 3ppm.
The ZSX Petro
The ZSX Petro WDXRF spectrometer is powered specifically to handle volatile liquid samples with the highest sensitivity, while maintaining the integrity of the samples during the analysis time window. The ZSX Petro is a cost- effective variable-power instrument with the full complement of analytical features necessary for all of the routine analyses that today’s petroleum refinery laboratory needs to carry out. Whether you are characterizing the sulfur content of incoming crude oil at weight percent levels or qualifying final product sulfur content for the full product line of gasolines, diesels, naphthas, kerosene and jet fuels at single digit ppm levels, or weight percent levels of sulfur, the ZSX Petro will handle the analyses with minimal operator intervention. Just set it up and leave it to do the work. Precise, reproducible data are the trademark of the ZSX Petro XRF. The performance exceeds the guidelines set out by the ASTM
procedures by a sizeable margin, enabling very tight process control from 1 ppm to 5 wt% sulfur.
Reader Reply Card No 61 The Supermini
This powerful benchtop WDXRF instrument can serve as the reserve or overflow unit in your refinery laboratory, or it can serve as your primary ASTM 2622 compliant WDXRF spectrometer at remote or satellite sites. If high volume throughput is not your primary concern, then this benchtop is a very cost effective method of getting top class analytical capability and compliance in a reasonable analysis times. The Supermini, with its multi-position sample changer and intuitive software, will make a welcome ally in your daily sulfur analysis routine. It can be set up in little time to perform these important analyses and be left unattended while the analyst is freed up to take care of more labor intensive analytical tasks.
Results can be sent directly to the Laboratory Information Management System for process control feedback or for reporting purposes. The reliable Rigaku Petro-Pak™ software will ensure that your results are validated and alert you if any out of specification data is encountered. The system helps make you more productive and enhances the reliability and speed of your analytical feedback to process control. This gain in efficiency translates directly into profits for the
bottom line. Reader Reply Card No 62 Sulfur analysis
One of the major considerations in the cost control process is how much treatment each barrel of crude oil will need to reduce the naturally occurring sulfur to operational levels that will make a product that meets federally mandated standards for sulfur content. Part of the required testing consideration to keep products in specification with the mandated sulfur levels is the overall cost of ownership of testing and measurement equipment for refiners, pipeline operators and product distributors. This cost includes capital expenditure, operating costs and life expectancy.
The Micro-Z sulfur™
The Micro-Z sulfur is designed first and foremost to meet performance requirements of the industry, so this benchtop WDXRF analyzer has the capability of measuring both the sulfur peak and associated background for every analysis as specified in ASTM 2622-08. The instrument has been designed to take advantage of industry-leading optics, using curved crystals to improve X-ray intensity captured by the sealed proportional detector, allowing unparalleled sensitivity and meeting industry mandated detection limits. The close-coupled geometry of the excitation source and sample allows for the use of low-powered X-ray tubes. This excitation system, while still producing high intensity X-ray fluorescence from samples containing sulfur in low concentration levels, has no need for external cooling chillers.
Reader Reply Card No 64 NEX CG - high performance EDXRF
The NEX CG uses secondary targets and polarization for background removal. With a 50 kV, 50 W tube, high performance X-ray source coupled with a state of the art silicon drift detector, the NEX CG represents one of the most advanced energy dispersive XRF (EDXRF) units available today.
The Cartesian geometry optical path allows this instrument
to perform at levels not seen before in EDXRF. From ULSD to rapid multi-element analysis for lube oils, used oils and wear metals, the versatility of the NEX CG is unmatched.
Unique features that set this instrument apart from its competition are:
• FP with Rigaku's unique use of Matching Library reduces or eliminates the need for large suites of calibrations standards in many cases.
• ULSD performance with sulfur LLD = 0.5 ppm in 300 seconds for reliable S measurements well below 10 ppm.
• Meets ASTM D7220, IP 532 and EN/ISO 20847 for ULSD.
• In lube oils, measures the basic four P, S, Ca and Zn as well as Mg, Ba, Cu, Mo and other elements in newer blends. Measure low ppm including Cl. • Lube oils Mg LLD = 45 ppm, with all other elements showing <3 ppm LLD. This high-end EDXRF has performance characteristics that give it a best in class rating.
Reader Reply Card No 60
NEX XT - X-ray transmission gauge for real-time analysis of S in crude oil and other heavy hydrocarbon oils
When sulfur in crude and intermediates needs to be determined, the best place to do that is online. To that end, Rigaku has designed and manufactured a unique product: the NEX XT.
This in-line sulfur analyzer provides real time analysis for blending, switching and quality control purposes. With a sulfur LLD = 45 ppm in 60 seconds, and a working range of 200 ppm to 6% S, the versatility of this unit is unmatched. Having typical count times of 30 sec or less means that the flow of product through the processes is virtually seamless. Added functionality of automatic density output and density correction always compensate for these changes, and the correction is seamless for the operators. This ease of use, coupled with consistent results (repeatability <1% relative), streamlines the entire process. The rugged construction and ability to operate under extreme conditions of pressure and temperature – stream pressures up to 1480 psig and temperatures up to 200°C with flow rates up to 53 gal/min (200 L/min) – make the NEX XT an extremely useful online gauge.
The NEX XT can be used in refineries for feedstock blending, process QC, and heavy oil upgrading. It can be used for analyzing marine bunker fuel during blending operations, as it has been qualified for MARPOL ANNEX VI compliance. Finally it has on-line capabilities for pipelines and remote terminals to facilitate real-time blending and remote crude collection QC. It is also used for pipeline interface detection.
Reader Reply Card No 63 Rigaku FirstGuard™ Raman spectrometer
Finally, Rigaku is pleased to announce its newest product offering. The FirstGuard Raman handheld analyzer makes its debut in our product lineup. It is expected that the Raman handheld will find its analytical niche in the petroleum industry with ease as it helps to identify and quantify both pure materials and mixtures in liquid and solid forms. The non- destructive technique promises to offer analytical information hitherto not available. The Raman handheld family is available in three different laser excitation wavelengths, 532, 785 and 1064 nm, depending upon the application for which it will be used. While the 785 nm source is good for refined oil products, such as methanol content in gasoline, the 1064 nm excitation source is particularly useful for crude and biofuels testing. In crude and biofuels, excessive fluorescence can be problematic with the lower wavelength laser sources, masking the signals of interest. The 1064 nm source offers maximum reduction in fluorescence, making this new handheld spectrometer most useful for crude and biofuels testing applications. Engine oil wear analysis has also proven to be an application that the 1064 nm wavelength is most suited to analyze effectively.
The new Rigaku Raman spectrometer also offers a unique Volume Phase Grating (VPG) that maximizes the efficiency of collected spectra. Until now VPG gratings have only been available in lab and benchtop Raman systems.
Please send all enquiries for further information via
www.rigaku.com/contact/
pin.html Reader Reply Card No 65
February / March 2011 •
www.petro-online.com
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