Table 1. (Continued )
First Author, Year
Morgan D et al 20128
Title 5. Transmission from environment to HCW
Transfer of multidrug-resistant bacteria to HCWs’ gloves and gowns after patient contact increases with environmental contamination
Hayden MK et al 200816
Risk of hand or glove contamination after contact with patients colonized with VRE or the colonized patients’ environment
Barbolla RE et al 200823
Molecular epidemiology of A. baumannii spread in an adult ICU under an endemic setting
Prospective cohort study
603 P-HCW interactions in 6 different ICUs at the University of Maryland Medical Center
To assess the role of environmental contamination in the transmission of MDROs to HCW clothing
Structured observational study
27 HCW–patient interactions: 256 patient samples, 1,572 environmental sites, 131 pairs of HCW hands from the MICU of Rush University Medical Center
Prospective cohort study
65 newly admitted patients, 378 environmental samples and 93 HCW hands from the adult ICU at the Sanatorio de la Trinidad-Mitre
To estimate the level of hand or glove contamination with VRE among HCW when interacting with the patient or environment
To assess the prevalence of carbapenem-resistant clones and their way of spread
PFGE
33% of P-HCW interactions led to transmission of MDR A. baumannii to HCW G&G. Carbapenem- resistant P. aeruginosa was transmitted 17% of the time. MRSA and VRE were transmitted 14% of time. Of 22 cases, 91% had a strain related to the environment.
PFGE
From 103 HCWs whose hand samples were negative for VRE when they entered the room, 52% contaminated their hands/gloves after touching the environment, and 70% contaminated their hands/ gloves after interacting with the patient and the environment.
PFGE
Frequently touched surfaces close to contaminated patients seemed to play a role in transmissibility perhaps through enhancing staff hand carriage. The decrease of clone if hand carriage correlated with discharge of the last patient with this clone but also its decrease in the environment. The role of personnel hand carriage in environmental contamination was also evident.
Note. G&G, gowns and gloves; HCW, healthcare worker; ICU, intensive care unit; MDR, multidrug resistant; MDRO, multidrug-resistant organisms; MICU, medical intensive care unit;MRSA, methicillin-resistant S. aureus; MSSA, methicillin-susceptible S. aureus; PFGE, Pulse-field gel electrophoresis; P-HCW, patient to HCW; spa, Staphylococcus protein A; TICU, trauma intensive care unit; VRE, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus.
Study Design Population Relevant Objective
Related Molecular Analysis
Related Finding
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Natalia Blanco et al
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