Table 1. (Continued )
First Author, Year
Wilson AP et al 200719
Title 3. Transmission from HCW to patient
Importance of the environment for patient acquisition of MRSA in the ICU: a baseline study
Ben-David D et al 200820
Loftus RW et al 201521
MRSA transmission: the possible importance of unrecognized HCW carriage
The epidemiology of S. aureus transmission in the anesthesia work area
4. Transmission from environment to patient
Yakupogullari Y et al 200618
Is airborne transmission of A. baumannii possible? A prospective molecular epidemiologic study in a tertiary-care hospital
Wilson AP et al 200719
Importance of the environment for patient acquisition of MRSA in the ICU: a baseline study
Loftus RW et al 201521
The epidemiology of S. aureus transmission in the anesthesia work area
Prospective cohort study
186 air samples and 82 clinical specimens from Turgut Ozal Medical Center
Randomized sequential sampling of bed areas
Prospective cohort study
2,436 environmental samples around 114 patients, 349 samples from HCWs hands and phones from ICUs from 2 London teaching hospitals
939 screened patients and 1252 environmental samples in a tertiary acute-care hospital
To understand the dynamics of Acinetobacter spread in air
PCR-typing (DiversLab) PFGE
To assess the degree of environmental contamination with MRSA in critical care and the likelihood of subsequent new patient acquisition
To investigate the possible routes of transmission of MRSA between MRSA positive patients
Phage typing
Epidemiological links were found between strains isolated in the air and strains isolated from clinical samples taken from patients discharged weeks earlier and patients who were hospitalized >3 mo later.
1 patient (2%) subsequently acquired the MRSA in the environment. 5 other patients (11%) became colonized but with different MRSA strains than those in their environment.
spa dru PFGE
Based on epidemiological investigation, 44 cross- transmission cases were identified. Cross- transmission was confirmed molecularly 25% of the time (11/44). In the 11 confirmed cases, patients were the source in 6 instances (55%), patient and the environment in three cases (27%), and only the environment on two instances (18%).
Creamer E et al 201222
Transmission of endemic ST22- MRSA-IV on four acute hospital wards investigated using a combination of spa, dru and PFGE typing
Prospective cohort study
2,170 environmental sites, 2,640 HCW hand cultures, 1,087 patient skin samples from 274 case-pairs across 3 major US academic medical centers
To characterize the epidemiology of bacterial transmission events in the anesthesia work area
PFGE
2 main phenotypes were identified (P and H). Strong evidence that patient-derived strains were transmitted to subsequent patients who had procedures on the same day. Their primary routes were the environment (66%) and HCW hands (80%).
(Continued)
Randomized sequential sampling of bed areas
Prospective cohort study
Prospective cohort study
2,436 environmental samples around 114 patients, 349 samples from HCWs hands and phones from ICUs from 2 London teaching hospitals
19 burn patients, 133 HCWs from the TICU in Rhode Island Hospital
2,170 environmental sites, 2,640 HCW hand cultures, 1,087 patient skin samples from 274 case pairs across 3 major US academic medical centers.
To assess the degree of environmental contamination with MRSA in critical care and the likelihood of subsequent new patient acquisition
To detect MRSA acquisition and its source
To characterize the epidemiology of bacterial transmission events in the anesthesia work area
Phage typing
5 (45%) patients became colonized but with different MRSA strains than the ones in their environment. 25 out 31 (81%) HCW hands were positive for MRSA; however, in no instances were these strains subsequently acquired by patients.
PFGE
7 patients and 4 HCWs harbored the same clone A. 2 patients and 1 HCW harbored clone B. Once the HCWs were successfully decolonized, a sustained reduction in MRSA infections occurred.
PFGE
2 main phenotypes were identified (P and H). Strong evidence that patient-derived strains were transmitted to subsequent patients who had procedures on the same day. Their primary routes were the environment (66%) and HCW hands (80%).
Study Design Population Relevant Objective
Related Molecular Analysis
Related Finding
Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology
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