306
4. European surveillance of healthcare-associated infections in intensive care units. Technical document. European Centre for Disease prevention and Control website.
https://ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications/Publications/ healthcare-associated-infections-HAI-ICU-protocol.pdf. PublishedDecember 2010. Accessed June 20, 2016.
5. Eggimann P, Hugonnet S, Sax H, Touveneau S, Chevrolet JC, Pittet D. Ventilator-associated pneumonia: caveats for benchmarking. Intensive Care Med 2003;29:2086–2089.
6. Wolkewitz M. Estimating the risk of ventilator-associated pneumonia as a function of time. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2015;192:640–641.
7. Wolkewitz M, Cooper BS, Bonten MJ, Barnett AG, Schumacher M. Interpreting and comparing risks in the presence of competing events. BMJ 2014;349:g5060.
8. Torres A, Gatell JM, Aznar E, El-Ebiary M, et al. Re-intubation increases the risk of nosocomial pneumonia in patients needing mechanical ventilation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995;152:137–141.
9. Gao F, Yang LH, He HR, et al. The effect of reintubation on ventilator- associated pneumonia and mortality among mechanically ventilated patients with intubation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Heart Lung 2016;45:363–371.
Martin Wolkewitz et al
10. Cook D. Ventilator-associated pneumonia: perspectives on the burden of illness. Int Care Med 2000;26(1):S031–S037.
11. Lopez-Pueyo MJ, Olaechea-Astigarraga P, Palomar-Martinez M, Insausti- Ordenana J, Alvarez-Lerma F, Group EHS. Quality control of the surveil- lance programme of ICU-acquired infection (ENVIN-HELICS registry) in Spain. J Hosp Inf 2013;84:126–131.
12. Beyersmann J, Allignol A, Schumacher M. Competing Risks and Multistate Models with R. New York: Springer; 2011.
13. Fine J, Gray RJ. A proportional hazards model for the subdistribution of a competing risk. J Am Stat Assoc 1999;94:496–509.
14. Wolkewitz M, von Cube M, Schumacher M. Multistate modeling to analyze nosocomial infection data: an introduction and demonstration. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2017;38:953–959.
15. Pepe MS, Mori M. Kaplan-Meier, marginal or conditional probability curves in summarizing competing risks failure time data? Stat Med 1993;12:737–751.
16. Wolkewitz M, Zortel M, Palomar-Martinez M, Alvarez-Lerma F, Olaechea- Astigarraga P, Schumacher M. Landmark prediction of nosocomial infection risk to disentangle short- and long-stay patients. J Hosp Infect 2017;96:81–84.
Page 1 |
Page 2 |
Page 3 |
Page 4 |
Page 5 |
Page 6 |
Page 7 |
Page 8 |
Page 9 |
Page 10 |
Page 11 |
Page 12 |
Page 13 |
Page 14 |
Page 15 |
Page 16 |
Page 17 |
Page 18 |
Page 19 |
Page 20 |
Page 21 |
Page 22 |
Page 23 |
Page 24 |
Page 25 |
Page 26 |
Page 27 |
Page 28 |
Page 29 |
Page 30 |
Page 31 |
Page 32 |
Page 33 |
Page 34 |
Page 35 |
Page 36 |
Page 37 |
Page 38 |
Page 39 |
Page 40 |
Page 41 |
Page 42 |
Page 43 |
Page 44 |
Page 45 |
Page 46 |
Page 47 |
Page 48 |
Page 49 |
Page 50 |
Page 51 |
Page 52 |
Page 53 |
Page 54 |
Page 55 |
Page 56 |
Page 57 |
Page 58 |
Page 59 |
Page 60 |
Page 61 |
Page 62 |
Page 63 |
Page 64 |
Page 65 |
Page 66 |
Page 67 |
Page 68 |
Page 69 |
Page 70 |
Page 71 |
Page 72 |
Page 73 |
Page 74 |
Page 75 |
Page 76 |
Page 77 |
Page 78 |
Page 79 |
Page 80 |
Page 81 |
Page 82 |
Page 83 |
Page 84 |
Page 85 |
Page 86 |
Page 87 |
Page 88 |
Page 89 |
Page 90 |
Page 91 |
Page 92 |
Page 93 |
Page 94 |
Page 95 |
Page 96 |
Page 97 |
Page 98 |
Page 99 |
Page 100 |
Page 101 |
Page 102 |
Page 103 |
Page 104 |
Page 105 |
Page 106 |
Page 107 |
Page 108 |
Page 109 |
Page 110 |
Page 111 |
Page 112 |
Page 113 |
Page 114 |
Page 115 |
Page 116 |
Page 117 |
Page 118 |
Page 119 |
Page 120 |
Page 121 |
Page 122 |
Page 123 |
Page 124 |
Page 125 |
Page 126 |
Page 127 |
Page 128 |
Page 129 |
Page 130 |
Page 131 |
Page 132
