Table 2. (Continued )
Author, Year, Country
Gomez 2006
Argentina/Middle
Jenkins 2014 17 LMIC
Design, Setting, Population (No.)
Before/After Mixed population (7,478)
Prospective Multiple hospitals Pediatrics (15,049)
Surgical Specialty
Multiple Interventions
Ed: Workshops, lectures and discussions
Ex: Automatic STOP SAP forms
Cardiac
En: Quality improvement teams. empower nurses
Ed: Educational webinars Ex: Congenital heart surgery check list
Ev: Worldwide registry
Khan 2006
India/Low
Kim 2015
Moldova/Low
Before/After Single unit Adults (308)
Before/After Single hospital Adults (2,743)
GI surgery
En: Teamwork/ multidisciplinary
Ed: Educational materials Ex: Guideline development (nominal group technique
Multiple
Ex: WHO surgical safety checklist, training, provision of pulse oximeters
Ev: Indicators, process measures feedback
Kwok 2013
Moldova/Low
Before/After Single hospital Mainly adults (4,357)
Schönmeyr 2014
India/Low
Before/after Mixed population (mainly
pediatrics)(654) Multiple
Ed: Staff training Ex: WHO surgical safety checklist, provision of pulse oximeters
Ev: Indicators, process measures feedback
Plastics
Ed: Standardized patient education, nursing education regarding postop care protocols, nurses delivered targeted individual and group education program on wound care protocols, discharge materials provided in local language with pictures
Ex: Standardized postoperative care
Singh 2012
India/Low
Time series analysis
Single unit Adults (2838)
Cardiac
En: Multidisciplinary teamwork
Ed: Staff education program (2 training modules and online continuous education)
Ex: Protocol Ev: Surveillance
Hand hygiene, isolation precautions, and wound care
Not reported CDC 1988
Decrease Pre: 46% Post: 3.27% P < .0001
Wound care, postoperative care was standardized
Not reported Not reported Decrease Pre: 8/220 (3.7%) Post: 1/252 (0.4%) P < .05
SAP Increase
SAP policy, hair removal, patient bathing, skin prep, diabetes control, surgical hand scrub
Antibiotic prophylaxis timing Increase
CDC Not reported
Decrease Pre: 21/222 (9.45%) Post: 0/56
Increase
Not reported Decrease Pre: 22% Short term: 8.5% P < .01 Long term: 6%, (P=.03)
Not reported Decrease Pre: 297/1,993 (14.9%) Post: 98/2,106 (4.7%) P < .001
SAP, patient warming, hand hygiene
Not reported CDC 2008
IPC Measures
SAP timing, regimen & duration adequacy
Compliance Increase
SSI Def.
CDC 1994
SSI Outcome
Decrease Pre: 111/3,496 (3.2%) After: 75/3,982 (1.9%) P < .01
Decreased over time SIR: for 2012 compared to 2010 was 0.77 (95% CI, 0.68–0.87)
292
Promise T. Ariyo et al
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