INFECTION CONTROL & HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY An Offi cial Publication of the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America


EDITOR Suzanne F. Bradley, MD • Ann Arbor, MI


DEPUTY EDITOR Carol Chenoweth, MD • Ann Arbor, MI


SENIOR ASSOCIATE EDITORS C. Glen Mayhall, MD • Galveston, TX Gina Pugliese, RN, MS • Chicago, IL William Schaffner, MD • Nashville, TN


ASSOCIATE EDITORS David P. Calfee, MD, MS • New York, NY Lindsay E. Nicolle, MD • Winnipeg, Manitoba Trevor C. Van Schooneveld, MD • Omaha, NE David Weber, MD, MPH • Chapel Hill, NC


STATISTICS CONSULTANTS Jon P. Furuno, PhD • Portland, OR Jessina C. McGregor, PhD • Portland, OR


MANAGING EDITOR Lindsay MacMurray • New York, NY


PAST EDITORS Infection Control Richard P. Wenzel, MD, 1980-1987 (vols. 1-8) Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology Richard P. Wenzel, MD, 1988-1992 (vols. 9-13) Michael D. Decker, MD, 1993-2001 (vols. 14-22) Barry M. Farr, MD, 2002-2004 (vols. 23-25) William R. Jarvis, MD, 2005-2006 (vols. 26 and 27)


EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD Deverick Anderson, MD, MPH • Durham, NC


Anucha Apisarnthanarak, MD • Pratumthani, Thailand Lennox Archibald, MD, FRCP • Alachua, FL Shailen Banerjee, PhD • Atlanta, GA Elise M. Beltrami, MD, MPH • Atlanta, GA Jo Anne Bennett, RN, PhD • New York, NY David Birnbaum, PhD, MPH • Sidney, BC Marc Bonten, MD • Utrecht, Netherlands Christian Brun-Buisson, MD • Creteil, France John P. Burke, MD • Salt Lake City, UT David P. Calfee, MD, MS • New York, NY Yehuda Carmeli, MD, MPH • Tel Aviv, Israel Donald E. Craven, MD • Burlington, MA Christopher Crnich, MD, MS • Madison, WI Erika D’Agata, MD, MPH • Boston, MA Daniel Diekema, MD • Iowa City, IA Erik Dubberke, MD, MSPH • St. Louis, MO Charles E. Edmiston, Jr., PhD • Milwaukee, WI Mohamad Fakih, MD, MPH • Grosse Pointe Woods, MI Petra Gastmeier, MD • Berlin, Germany Jeffrey Gerber, MD, PhD • Philadelphia, PA Dale N. Gerding, MD • Hines, IL Donald A. Goldmann, MD • Boston, MA Nicholas Graves, PhD • Brisbane, Australia Donna Haiduven, RN, PhD, CIC • Tampa, FL Anthony D. Harris, MD, MPH • Baltimore, MD Elizabeth Henderson, PhD • Calgary, AB David K. Henderson, MD • Bethesda, MD Loreen A. Herwaldt, MD • Iowa City, IA Peter N. R. Heseltine, MD • Brea, CA John A. Jernigan, MD, MS • Atlanta, GA Mini Kamboj, MD • New York, NY


Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology (ISSN 0899-823X) is published monthly by Cambridge University Press, One Liberty Plaza, New York, NY 10006, USA.


Editorial Offi ce


Communications should be addressed to the Editor, Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology, One Liberty Plaza, New York, NY 10006 (email: iche.managingeditor@cambridge.org. Contributors should consult the Instructions for Contributors, which is available at the journal’s Web site.


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Permissions Articles may be copied or otherwise reused without permission only to the extent permitted by Sections 107 and 108 of the US Copyright Law. Permission to copy articles for personal, internal, classroom, or library use may


cambridge.org/ICHE


Carol A. Kauffman, MD • Ann Arbor, MI James T. Lee, MD, PhD • St. Paul, MN L. Clifford McDonald, MD • Atlanta, GA Allison McGeer, MD • Toronto, ON Leonard A. Mermel, DO, ScM • Providence, RI Robert R. Muder, MD • Pittsburgh, PA Linda Mundy, MD • Collegeville, PA Joseph M. Mylotte, MD, CIC • Buffalo, NY Jan Evans Patterson, MD • San Antonio, TX David A. Pegues, MD • Philadelphia, PA Didier Pittet, MD, MS • Geneva, Switzerland Isaam Raad, MD • Houston, TX Manfred L. Rotter, MD, DipBact • Vienna, Austria William A. Rutala, PhD, MPH • Chapel Hill, NC Lisa Saiman, MD, MPH • New York, NY Sanjay Saint, MD, MPH • Ann Arbor, MI Sorana Segal-Maurer, MD • Flushing, NY Lynne M. Sehulster, PhD • Atlanta, GA John A. Sellick, DO • Amherst, NY Andrew E. Simor, MD • Toronto, ON Philip W. Smith, MD • Omaha, NE Kurt Stevenson, MD, MPH • Columbus, OH Nimalie Stone, MD • Atlanta, GA Thomas Talbot, MD, MPH • Nashville, TN Paul Tambyah, MBBS • Singapore William Trick, MD • Chicago, IL Antoni Trilla, MD, PhD • Barcelona, Spain Robert A. Weinstein, MD • Chicago, IL Andreas Widmer, MD, MS • Basel, Switzerland Marcus Zervos, MD • Detroit, MI


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