1160


Table 4. Antibiotic Consumption and Expenditure Variable


DDD per prescription, mean ±SD ∙ Targeted antibiotics ∙ Overall antibiotics


Cost, mean ±SD, US$ ∙ Targeted antibiotics ∙ Overall antibiotics


Length of hospital stay, mean± SD, d


Pinyo Rattanaumpawan et al


Pharmacist (n=303)


13.49 ± 15.31 46.03 ± 52.04


268.88 ± 318.60 434.81 ± 836.46 19.81 ± 24.27


Note. CI, confidence interval; DDD, defined daily dose; SD, standard deviation.


Table 5. Details of 610 Prescriptions of Targeted Antibiotics Variable


Purpose of antibiotic prescription ∙ Treatment ∙ Prophylaxis


First targeted antibiotic prescribed ∙ Piperacillin/tazobactam ∙ Imipenem/cilastatin ∙ Meropenem


Initial recommendation ∙ Approved


∙ Temporarily approved ∙ Not approved


∙ Antibiotic stopped before evaluation


Final recommendation ∙ Approved


∙ Not approved ∙ Antibiotic stopped before evaluation


Percent agreement with ID physician ∙ Initial recommendationa ∙ Final recommendation


aExcluding all prescriptions discontinued before evaluation. Note. ID, infections diseases.


prescribed targeted antibiotics (pharmacist PPRA group versus fellow PPRA group) were meropenem (52.8% vs 56.4%), followed by piperacillin/tazobactam (40.9% vs 37.5%), and imipenem/ cilastatin (6.3% vs 6.2%). During the first 72 hours of prescriptions, 133 of 303 pre-


scriptions (43.9%) in the pharmacist PPRA group and 112 of 307 prescriptions (45.7%) in the fellow PPRA group were discontinued before evaluation (P=.06). More than half of prescriptions in both groups were approved or temporarily approved. Only 17 of 303 prescriptions (5.6%) in the pharmacist PPRA group and 27 of 307


prescriptions (8.8%) in the fellow PPRA group were immediately disapproved (P=.11). The distribution of the final recommenda- tion was also similar in the 2 groups. Of prescriptions of the tar- geted antibiotics 63 of 303 prescriptions (20.8%) in the pharmacist PPRA group were finally disapproved versus 66 of 307 prescrip- tions (21.2%) in the fellow PPRA group (P = 0.17). Prescriptions that were disapproved mostly led to changes in


or discontinuation of antibiotics. Among the patients whose prescriptions for targeted antibiotics were disapproved, 19 of 29 prescriptions (65.5%) in the pharmacist PPRA group were later


Fellow (n=307)


12.86 ± 12.14 41.43 ± 62.00


276.51 ± 336.51 393.43 ± 500.75 20.40 ± 18.57


P Value


.58 .32


.77 .46 .74


Pharmacist vs Fellow, Difference (95% CI)


0.62 (–1.57 to 2.82) 4.60 (–4.5 to 13.71)


–7.64 (–59.76 to 44.48) 41.38 (–68.08 to 150.84) 0.59 (–4.02 to 18.39)


Pharmacist (n=303), No. (%)


287 (94.7) 16 (5.3)


124 (40.9) 19 (6.3)


160 (52.8)


61 (20.1) 92 (30.4) 17 (5.6)


133 (43.9)


105 (36.7) 63 (20.8) 135 (44.5)


144/170 (84.7) 168/168 (100.0)


Fellow (n=307), No. (%)


285 (92.8) 22 (7.2)


115 (37.5) 19 (6.2)


173 (56.4)


78 (25.4) 90 (29.3) 27 (8.8)


112 (36.5)


126 (41.0) 66 (21.5) 115 (37.5)


178/195 (91.3) 190/192 (99.0)


.17 .11


P Value .34


.59


.05 .19


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