Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology
Table 2. (Continued ) Infection Characteristics
FiO2, mean± SD, %
PaO2, mean± SD, mmHgb PaCO2, mean± SD, mmHg
Glasgow coma score, mean±SD
Causative pathogens Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli
Klebsiella pneumoniae Acinetobacter baumannii
Carbapenem-resistant strains Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Carbapenem-resistant strains
Extended-spectrum β-lactamase–producing strains Gram-positive bacteria Enterococcus spp
Staphylococcus aureus
Note. APACHE: Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation; SD, standard deviation. aUnless otherwise specified. bArterial blood pH results were not available in some patients.
1159
Pharmacist (n=303), No. (%)a 31.21 ± 20.28
122.13 ± 67.15 (n=61) 31.04 ± 15.95 11.18 ± 5.95
59 (19.5) 42 (13.9) 16 (5.3) 10 (3.3) 7 (2.3)
20 (6.6) 6 (2.0)
34 (11.2) 27 (8.9) 8 (2.6)
17 (5.6)
Fellow (n=307), No. (%)a 30.94 ± 21.00
128.83 ± 76.23 (n=56) 31.36 ± 18.95 11.34 ± 5.47
57 (18.6) 35 (11.4) 19 (6.2) 15 (4.9) 11 (3.6) 14 (4.6) 6 (2.0)
30 (9.8) 26 (8.5) 11 (3.6) 15 (4.9)
P Value
.87 .62 .92 .60
.78 .36 .63 .32 .35 .27 .98 .56 .85 .50 .69
Table 3. Treatment Outcomes Variable
Clinical outcomes ∙ Favorable clinical response ∙ 28-d overall mortality ∙ 28-d ID-related mortality ∙ Superimposed infection
Microbiological outcome ∙ Favorable microbiological response
Antibiotic-associated complications ∙ Antibiotic-associated colitis (AAC) - Clinically diagnosed AAC - Laboratory-confirmed AAC ∙ Antibiotic allergy
Note. CI, confidence interval; ID, infectious disease.
Pharmacist (n=303), No. (%) Fellow (n=307), No. (%)
136 (44.9) 61 (20.1) 52 (17.2) 42 (13.9)
188 (62.1)
122 (39.7) 82 (26.7) 66 (21.5) 48 (15.6)
172 (56.0)
P Value Pharmacist vs Fellow, Difference (95% CI)
.20 .06 .18 .54
.13
5.15% (2.69% to 12.98%) –6.58% (–13.28% to 15.62%) –4.34% (–10.59% to 1.92%) –1.77% (–7.40% to 3.85%)
6.02% (–1.77% to 13.81%)
18 (5.9) 3 (1.0)
10 (3.3)
21 (6.8) 0 (0)
5 (1.6)
.20 .41
0.09% (–3.93% to 4.07%) …
1.67% (–0.79% to 4.13%)
Antibiotic prescriptions and approval
Table 5 presents details of all 610 prescriptions and recommen- dations made by the pharmacist PPRA and fellow PPRA. The
targeted antibiotics were mainly prescribed for treatment pur- poses (97.7% vs 92.8%, respectively; P=.34). Another similarity between the 2 groups (P=.59) was that the most frequently
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