Working with paper and card Pencils
Pencils can be soft or hard and are used to draw different types of lines.
H pencils are hard and are used to draw feint lines. B pencils are soft and are used for dark, bold lines.
HB pencils are in between H and B pencils and are used for general purposes. They are not too feint nor are they too dark.
Crayons
There are two types of crayon. Wax crayons are made of wax.
Pencil crayons are coloured pencils that need to be sharpened.
Both are used for writing and colouring on paper and card, and come in different sizes.
Felt-tipped pens and markers
These writing tools have their own ink source and are used for making permanent or temporary marks on card and paper.
Felt-tipped pens have small narrow tips and are used to make thin lines.
Felt-tipped markers have bigger, broader tips and are used to make thicker, more prominent lines.
Felt-tipped pens and markers come in a variety of colours.
Paints
We use different types of paint for different purposes. • water-based includes watercolours, poster paints and acrylics
• enamel usually has an oil base and dries to a hard, glossy finish
• cellulose aerosol cans are available at most hard- ware stores; also called spray paint.
• primer and undercoats are used to cover bare sur- faces before applying the top coat
• varnishes give a clear, protective coating to paint- work. Spirit-based varnishes dry quickly and polyurethane varnishes dry slower but give tougher finishes.
Brushes
Brushes can be made from man-made fibres or natural fibres. Those made from man-made fibres are cheaper than the ones containing natural fibres.
Small-pointed brushes are used for fine detail and broader brushes are used for larger surfaces.
Brushes should be cleaned immediately after they have been used in the same thinning medium used for the type of paint.
Tools for Technology 159
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