25.5.3.3 Saxon andMedieval 73. A number of Anglo-Saxon and medieval findspots and scatters are through the cable route area (WA99, 113, 275, 276, 321, 328, 374, 377, 381, 382, 432, 433, 444, 505, 571) and the landscape of the Deben valley is known to have been used throughout this period (Wade 1997, 47). Entries for most of the settlements in the Domesday Survey imply a pre-medieval origin and activity and likely associated occupation known at Akenham, Tuddenham St Martin, Playford and the Bealings (Plunkett 2005, 33). The find of a brooch in conjunction with a probably human phalange (WA367) may indicate a burial or cemetery site just to the south of the where the route crosses the A12 at Martlesham.
74. While the medieval core of many of the villages can be assumed to lie in the vicinity of the churches further settlement and activity may lie within their hinterlands in particular agricultural field systems. Some of the cropmarks identified along the route may therefore date to this time.
75.
Bullen Green, which lies adjacent to the proposed convertor station locations, is thought to be potentially medieval in origin (WA580) (Figure 25.12). This is likely an area of common grazing land, created from woodland clearance (assarting). Remnants of Ancient Woodland lie in this area (WA572, WA581) and results from the evaluation undertaken for East Anglia ONE would suggest late post-medieval enclosure (ASE 2013) (Figure 25.21).
25.5.3.4 Post-medieval andModern 76. Much of the proposed cable route is through largely rural areas; these will have been largely unoccupied throughout the later medieval, post-medieval and modern periods. Activity is likely to be predominantly agricultural in nature and two areas of likely post-medieval ridge and furrow were identified by the RSK walkover survey near Culpho and Claydon (WA584 and 589).
77.
The onshore cable route crosses the River Deben and associated areas of marshland and reclaimed land. In doing this it passes through several post-medieval flood banks (WA132, 162, 340). Post-medieval industry is also located along the route in the form of possible quarry or extractive pits (WA173, 218, 316, 593) and kiln sites (WA300, 332).
78. Most of the modern entries relate to defensive structures and installations relating the First (WWI) and Second (WWII) World Wars and the Cold War. The majority lie at the coastal end of the cable route around Bawdsey, where the remains of a pillbox (WA98), gun emplacement (WA100), beach scaffold (WA582) and the anti-aircraft ‘diver’ battery (WA103) are situated. Of particular note in this area is the nationally
Preliminary Environmental Information April 2014
East Anglia THREE Offshore Windfarm
Chapter 25 Onshore Archaeology Page 25
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