suggest that crustaceans or molluscs have been affected by the presence of submarine power cables.
246. Research undertaken by Bochert and Zettler (2004), where a number of species, including brown shrimp, were exposed to a static magnetic fields for several weeks, found no differences in survival between experimental and control animals. The effect of EMF on shellfish is, therefore, expected to be limited to behavioural responses.
247. The role of the magnetic sense in invertebrates has been hypothesised to function in relation to orientation, navigation and homing, using geomagnetic cues (Cain et al. 2005; Lohmann et al. 2007). Research undertaken on the Caribbean spiny lobster (Boles and Lohmann 2003) suggests that this species derives positional information from the Earth’s magnetic field which is used during long distance migration.
248. European lobster belong to the same taxonomic family as the spiny lobster (Nephropidae) but is not known to undertake significant long distance migrations. Indeed, limited research undertaken with the European lobster found no neurological response to magnetic field strengths considerably higher than those expected directly over an average buried power cable (Ueno et al. 1986; Normandeau et al. 2011).
249. Based on the research available, the sensitivity of crustaceans to EMFs is considered to be negligible, resulting in an impact of negligible significance impact.
250. Table 11.30 summarises the potential impacts of EMFs during the operational phase of East Anglia THREE.
Table 11.30 Impact of EMF during the operational phase Receptor Group
Elasmobranchs Lamprey Salmon
Sea Trout
European Eel Crustaceans
Receptor sensitivity Medium Low
Negligible Low
Medium Negligible
Magnitude of Effect Low Low Low Low Low Low
Impact Significance Minor adverse Minor adverse Negligible
Minor adverse Minor adverse Negligible
11.6.3 Potential Impacts during Decommissioning 251. On expiry of the lease for the proposed East Anglia THREE project, EATL would remove all structures, except cables and pin piles deeper than 1 to 2m, and return
Preliminary Environmental Information May 2014
East Anglia THREE Offshore Windfarm
Chapter 11 Fish and Shellfish Page 80
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