in association with the probable increased feeding opportunities reported as a result of increased habitat heterogeneity. The effects of EMFs upon migratory and diadromous species is less well researched and needs to be better understood.”
236. At worst, any EMF-related effects are therefore only expected to result in temporary behavioural reactions rather than to cause a barrier to migration or result in long term impacts upon feeding or confusion in elasmobranch species. Taking the above into account and the likely presence of elasmobranch species both in the East Anglia THREE site and along the offshore cable corridor, this species group are considered to be receptors of medium sensitivity. In combination with the low magnitude of the effect the impact of EMFs on elasmobranch species is therefore considered to be of minor adverse significance.
Lamprey 237. Lampreys, like elasmobranchs, possess electroreceptors that are sensitive to weak, low-frequency electric fields (Bodznick and Northcutt 1981; Bodznick and Preston 1983). Whilst responses to E fields have been reported in these species, information on the use that they make of the electric sense is limited. It is likely however, that they use it in a similar way as elasmobranchs to detect prey, predators or conspecifics and potentially for orientation or navigation (Normadeau et al. 2011). Lampreys are expected to only occasionally be present in the vicinity of the proposed East Anglia THREE project, spawning takes place in the rivers and therefore are not exposed to EMFs during this stage. As a consequence, the sensitivity of lampreys to EMFs associated with the East Anglia THREE project is considered to be low, resulting in an impact of minor adverse significance.
Salmon and Sea trout 238. As indicated in section 11.5.12 of Appendix 11.2, there are no salmon rivers in the vicinity of East Anglia THREE site and offshore cable corridor. In the case of salmon, there is therefore little potential for any EMF related impacts to occur. In the case of sea trout however, there is potential for the species to transit the area of the offshore cable corridor and the East Anglia THREE site during migration and as part of their foraging activity.
239. Swedpower (2003) found no measurable impact when subjecting salmon and sea trout to magnetic fields twice the magnitude of the geomagnetic field. Furthermore, Atlantic salmon migration in and out of the Baltic Sea over a number of operational sub-sea HVDC cables was observed to continue apparently unaffected by EMFs produced by the cables (Walker 2001).
Preliminary Environmental Information May 2014
East Anglia THREE Offshore Windfarm
Chapter 11 Fish and Shellfish Page 78
Page 1 |
Page 2 |
Page 3 |
Page 4 |
Page 5 |
Page 6 |
Page 7 |
Page 8 |
Page 9 |
Page 10 |
Page 11 |
Page 12 |
Page 13 |
Page 14 |
Page 15 |
Page 16 |
Page 17 |
Page 18 |
Page 19 |
Page 20 |
Page 21 |
Page 22 |
Page 23 |
Page 24 |
Page 25 |
Page 26 |
Page 27 |
Page 28 |
Page 29 |
Page 30 |
Page 31 |
Page 32 |
Page 33 |
Page 34 |
Page 35 |
Page 36 |
Page 37 |
Page 38 |
Page 39 |
Page 40 |
Page 41 |
Page 42 |
Page 43 |
Page 44 |
Page 45 |
Page 46 |
Page 47 |
Page 48 |
Page 49 |
Page 50 |
Page 51 |
Page 52 |
Page 53 |
Page 54 |
Page 55 |
Page 56 |
Page 57 |
Page 58 |
Page 59 |
Page 60 |
Page 61 |
Page 62 |
Page 63 |
Page 64 |
Page 65 |
Page 66 |
Page 67 |
Page 68 |
Page 69 |
Page 70 |
Page 71 |
Page 72 |
Page 73 |
Page 74 |
Page 75 |
Page 76 |
Page 77 |
Page 78 |
Page 79 |
Page 80 |
Page 81 |
Page 82 |
Page 83 |
Page 84 |
Page 85 |
Page 86 |
Page 87 |
Page 88 |
Page 89 |
Page 90 |
Page 91 |
Page 92 |
Page 93 |
Page 94 |
Page 95 |
Page 96 |
Page 97 |
Page 98 |
Page 99 |
Page 100 |
Page 101 |
Page 102 |
Page 103 |
Page 104 |
Page 105 |
Page 106 |
Page 107 |
Page 108 |
Page 109 |
Page 110 |
Page 111